Golshiri Parastoo, Mohaghegh Negar, Shamsaee Somayeh, Boroumandfar Zahra
Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
School of Medicine, Isfahan of Medical University, Isfahan, Iran.
J Educ Health Promot. 2023 Feb 28;12:50. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1291_21. eCollection 2023.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have always been considered as a health problem in the world. Also, vulnerable women (addicts, jail breakers, and prostitutes) are at the highest risk. According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) approach, the only effective way to prevent and control this disease is public health education, and high-risk and vulnerable groups should be prioritized in educational programs. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of health belief model (HBM)-based education on changing the behaviors related to STIs in vulnerable women.
The present study is an intervention (field trial) study in vulnerable women. Convenience sampling method was used in this study and the sample size was determined to be 84 subjects. Through tossing a coin, the social support center was selected as the intervention group and the drop-in center as the control group. Quantitative data analysis was performed, and descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used.
The mean scores of perceived threat, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and perceived self-efficacy and changes in performance between the three measurement stages, as well as changes in the scores of perceived threat, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and perceived self-efficacy over three measurement times were significantly different between the two groups (interaction) ( < 0.001). The mean score of performance 3 months after the intervention was significantly higher than before the intervention ( = 0.001).
The present study confirmed the effectiveness of the HBM in promoting behavioral modifiers that lead to STIs. Therefore, educational interventions with emphasis on understanding the threats, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy and, ultimately, performance improvement in relation to STIs are recommended.
性传播感染（STIs）一直被视为全球性的健康问题。此外，弱势女性（吸毒者、越狱者和妓女）面临的风险最高。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的方法，预防和控制这种疾病的唯一有效方法是公共卫生教育，高危和弱势群体应在教育项目中得到优先考虑。本研究的目的是调查基于健康信念模型（HBM）的教育对改变弱势女性与性传播感染相关行为的影响。
本研究是一项针对弱势女性的干预（现场试验）研究。本研究采用便利抽样方法，样本量确定为84名受试者。通过抛硬币，选择社会支持中心作为干预组，救助中心作为对照组。进行了定量数据分析，并使用了描述性和推断性统计方法。
两组在三个测量阶段之间的感知威胁、感知益处、感知障碍和感知自我效能的平均得分以及行为变化，以及三个测量时间内感知威胁、感知益处、感知障碍和感知自我效能得分的变化在交互作用方面存在显著差异（<0.001）。干预后3个月的行为平均得分显著高于干预前（=0.001）。
本研究证实了健康信念模型在促进导致性传播感染的行为改变因素方面的有效性。因此，建议进行教育干预，重点是理解威胁、益处、障碍和自我效能，并最终改善与性传播感染相关的行为表现。
