Nahidi Fatemeh, Dolatian Mahrokh, Roozbeh Nasibeh, Asadi Zeynab, Shakeri Nezhat
Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Electron Physician. 2017 Jun 25;9(6):4577-4583. doi: 10.19082/4577. eCollection 2017 Jun.
Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death among women in the world. With prevention and examinations, including breast self-examination, the death rate will be reduced.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health-belief-model-based training on the performance of women in breast self-examination in the province of Fars (Iran).
An empirical study examined the effect of an eight-week training program based on the health belief model among 144 women who visited health care centers in the city of Abadeh in Fars Province (Iran) in 2015. Data gathered through researcher-made questionnaires including awareness, components of the health belief model, performance, and demographic information. IBM-SPSS software version 20, descriptive and inferential statistical tests such as T-test, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and repeated measurements were used for data analysis.
After the intervention, a significant difference was seen in average awareness, perceived susceptibility, and performance of women (p<0.05), while it was not significant in benefits constructs, perceived barriers, and perceived severity and practice guide. After intervention, the average score of awareness was increased significantly (p<0.001). Also, the average score of performance in breast self-examination showed a significant difference (p<0.001).
Due to the low level of awareness of women about breast self-examination, using a health belief model with an increase of the perceived susceptibility could be effective in improving their performance in breast self-examination.
乳腺癌是全球女性癌症死亡的最常见原因。通过预防和检查，包括乳房自我检查，死亡率将会降低。
本研究的目的是确定基于健康信念模型的培训对伊朗法尔斯省女性乳房自我检查行为的影响。
一项实证研究考察了2015年在伊朗法尔斯省阿巴德市医疗保健中心就诊的144名女性中，基于健康信念模型的为期八周的培训项目的效果。数据通过研究者编制的问卷收集，内容包括认知、健康信念模型的组成部分、行为表现和人口统计学信息。使用IBM-SPSS软件版本20，采用描述性和推断性统计测试，如t检验、卡方检验、曼-惠特尼检验和重复测量，进行数据分析。
干预后，女性的平均认知、感知易感性和行为表现存在显著差异（p<0.05），而在益处认知、感知障碍、感知严重性和实践指南方面差异不显著。干预后，认知的平均得分显著提高（p<0.001）。此外，乳房自我检查行为表现的平均得分也存在显著差异（p<0.001）。
由于女性对乳房自我检查的认知水平较低,采用提高感知易感性的健康信念模型可能有效改善她们在乳房自我检查中的行为表现。
