Zuroff D C, Colussy S A
J Clin Psychol. 1986 May;42(3):411-7. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198605)42:3<411::aid-jclp2270420302>3.0.co;2-t.
The performance of schizophrenic inpatients (N = 14), depressed inpatients (N = 15), and normal hospital employees (N = 15), all females, was compared on Izard's (1971) test of emotion recognition. Subjects were required to match photographs of facial expressions of emotion with the correct label for the emotion. The average numbers of errors of four types were examined: Positive or neutral emotions mislabelled as other positive or neutral emotions; positive or neutral emotions mislabelled as negative; negative emotions mislabelled as positive or neutral; and negative emotions mislabelled as other negative emotions. The principal findings were (1) the schizophrenics were less accurate than normals, but they were not less accurate than the depressives, nor were they less accurate on negative than positive or neutral emotions; (2) the depressives did not display any form of negative bias in emotion recognition; and (3) both groups of inpatients were less accurate than normals when they labelled an emotion as positive or neutral, but not when they labelled it as negative. Implications of the results for the etiology and maintenance of schizophrenia and depression were noted.
对14名精神分裂症住院女性患者、15名抑郁症住院女性患者和15名正常女性医院员工进行了伊扎德（1971年）的情绪识别测试。要求受试者将面部表情的照片与正确的情绪标签进行匹配。研究了四种错误类型的平均数量：被错误标记为其他积极或中性情绪的积极或中性情绪；被错误标记为消极情绪的积极或中性情绪；被错误标记为积极或中性情绪的消极情绪；以及被错误标记为其他消极情绪的消极情绪。主要研究结果如下：（1）精神分裂症患者的准确性低于正常人，但并不低于抑郁症患者，且他们在识别消极情绪时的准确性并不低于识别积极或中性情绪时的准确性；（2）抑郁症患者在情绪识别中未表现出任何形式的消极偏差；（3）两组住院患者在将情绪标记为积极或中性时的准确性低于正常人，但在将情绪标记为消极时并非如此。文中指出了这些结果对精神分裂症和抑郁症病因及维持机制的启示。
