Al-Kassab-Córdova Ali, Silva-Perez Claudia, Robles-Valcarcel Pamela, Bendezu-Quispe Guido, Ortiz Amado Insfrán, Benites-Zapata Vicente A
Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru E-mail:
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru.
J Water Health. 2023 Apr;21(4):525-535. doi: 10.2166/wh.2023.316.
Access to safe drinking water has increased in Peru over the last decades, from 47% (2008) to 52% (2018). Nevertheless, such access would differ according to socioeconomic and regional factors. Thus, this study aimed to assess the socioeconomic inequality in the access to safe drinking water and identify its spatial distribution. We conducted a cross-sectional study based on the secondary data analysis of the 2021 Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey. Access to safe drinking water was a dummy variable categorised as safe if the residual chlorine concentration was ≥0.5 mg/L. Nationwide, 29.22% of households had access to safe drinking water. A pro-rich inequality in access to safe drinking water was observed. The spatial distribution was clustered. Significant hotspots were found in the south and centre of the country; however, cold spots were found in most areas. SaTScan analysis identified 32 and 63 significant clusters at high and low risks of having access to safe drinking water, respectively. In conclusion, approximately one out of four Peruvian households has access to safe drinking water, which was mostly concentrated among the wealthier households. Intra- and interdepartmental inequalities in access to safe drinking water were found, with several high-risk clusters.
在过去几十年里，秘鲁安全饮用水的可及率有所提高，从2008年的47%升至2018年的52%。然而，这种可及率会因社会经济和地区因素而有所不同。因此，本研究旨在评估安全饮用水获取方面的社会经济不平等情况，并确定其空间分布。我们基于对2021年秘鲁人口与健康调查的二手数据分析开展了一项横断面研究。安全饮用水的可及情况是一个虚拟变量，若余氯浓度≥0.5毫克/升，则归类为安全。在全国范围内，29.22%的家庭能够获取安全饮用水。观察到在获取安全饮用水方面存在有利于富裕群体的不平等现象。空间分布呈聚集状。在该国南部和中部发现了显著的热点地区；然而，在大多数地区发现了冷点地区。时空扫描分析分别在获取安全饮用水的高风险和低风险区域识别出32个和63个显著聚类。总之，大约四分之一的秘鲁家庭能够获取安全饮用水，且大多集中在较富裕家庭中。在获取安全饮用水方面发现了部门内部和部门之间的不平等现象，存在若干高风险聚类。
