Azanaw Jember, Melese Mihret, Melaku Mequannent Sharew
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 2;15(1):255. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-82688-x.
United Nations is standing for Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 sets the agenda to address worldwide inequality in accessing safe water and improved sanitation facilities for all by 2030. However, governments in Africa seem unable to address the issue water and of sanitation facilities, since there are problems like increasing costs of sustaining existing water sources and the requirement to deliver new facilities ahead of time. Hence, this study aimed to investigate unimproved water sources and sanitation facilities geographical variation in Ethiopia using EDHS 2019 datasets. This study was community-based cross-sectional based on nationally representative data (EMDHS 2019) to identify the demographic variability of unimproved water sources and sanitation facilities in Ethiopia. STATA 14, ArcGIS 10.7, and Kuldorff's SaTScan 10.1 software were used in data analysis. Weighted by sampling weight was performed to do a trustworthy statistical analysis. Based on the dataset EMDHS 2019 Ethiopia access in both unimproved water sources was geographically clustered in Ethiopia. The finding revealed that, there were a significant spatial variation of unimproved water sources and sanitation facilities in Ethiopia. Hot and cold spot analysis revealed that there were parts of Ethiopia with higher levels of unimproved water sources and sanitation facilities coverage than other parts of the country. The SaTScan analysis of unimproved water sources indicated that the primary cluster was found southeast part of Ethiopia. The SaTScan analysis of unimproved sanitation facilities indicated that the primary cluster window was found in Benishangul Gumuz and the western part of Ethiopia. This study contribute to the understanding of the status of drinking water source and sanitation facilities based on recent EHDS data, which can inform policymakers in designing effective strategies that address specific regional challenges. This finding confirmed the previous EDHS 2016 that revealed spatial variation of unimproved water sources and sanitation facilities in the country. Findings implies that the persistence of water sources and sanitation facilities inequality continue in country. Hence, the result recommends responsible stakeholders working water source and sanitation facilities to guarantee Sustainable Development Goal 6 in Ethiopia. In addition to providing insight into Ethiopia's water and sanitation facilities situation, this study highlights important areas for development that can be applied to other nations dealing with comparable problems, especially those in Sub-Saharan Africa.
联合国倡导的可持续发展目标6设定了议程，旨在到2030年解决全球在获取安全饮用水和改善卫生设施方面的不平等问题。然而，非洲各国政府似乎无法解决水和卫生设施问题，因为存在维持现有水源成本增加以及需要提前提供新设施等问题。因此，本研究旨在利用2019年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查（EDHS）数据集调查埃塞俄比亚未改善水源和卫生设施的地理差异。本研究基于全国代表性数据（2019年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查）开展社区横断面研究，以确定埃塞俄比亚未改善水源和卫生设施的人口统计学差异。数据分析使用了STATA 14、ArcGIS 10.7和Kuldorff's SaTScan 10.1软件。通过抽样权重进行加权以进行可靠的统计分析。基于2019年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查数据集，埃塞俄比亚未改善水源的获取在地理上呈聚集状态。研究结果表明，埃塞俄比亚未改善水源和卫生设施存在显著的空间差异。热点和冷点分析表明，埃塞俄比亚部分地区未改善水源和卫生设施的覆盖水平高于该国其他地区。未改善水源的空间扫描分析表明，主要聚集区位于埃塞俄比亚东南部。未改善卫生设施的空间扫描分析表明，主要聚集区位于贝尼尚古尔-古穆兹和埃塞俄比亚西部。本研究有助于基于最新的埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查数据了解饮用水源和卫生设施状况，可为政策制定者设计应对特定区域挑战的有效策略提供参考。这一发现证实了2016年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查的结果，即该国未改善水源和卫生设施存在空间差异。研究结果意味着该国水源和卫生设施不平等现象持续存在。因此，研究结果建议负责水源和卫生设施的利益相关者努力在埃塞俄比亚实现可持续发展目标6。除了深入了解埃塞俄比亚的水和卫生设施状况外，本研究还突出了可应用于其他面临类似问题国家的重要发展领域，特别是撒哈拉以南非洲国家。
