Recipient race modifies the association between obesity and long-term graft outcomes after kidney transplantation.

Donor and recipient obesity (defined using body mass index [BMI]) are associated with worse outcomes after kidney transplant (KT). In adult KT recipients identified using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (2000-2017), we examined the modifying effect of recipient race on recipient obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m) and combined donor and recipient (DR) obesity pairing, with death-censored graft loss (DCGL), all-cause graft loss (ACGL), and short-term graft outcomes using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and logistic regression. Obesity was associated with a higher risk of DCGL in White (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.25-1.35) than Black (aHR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08-1.19) recipients. White, but not Black, recipients with obesity were at higher risk for ACGL (aHR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.05-1.11, for White recipients; aHR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.95-1.02, for Black recipients). Relative to nonobese DR, White recipients with combined DR obesity experienced more DCGL (aHR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.29-1.47 for White; aHR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.10-1.29 for Black) and ACGL (aHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07-1.17 for White; aHR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.94-1.07 for Black) than Black recipients. Short-term obesity risk was similar irrespective of race. An elevated BMI differentially affects long-term outcomes in Black and White KT recipients; uniform BMI thresholds to define transplant eligibility are likely inappropriate.