Rationale for the application of thin, continuous metal films in high magnification electron microscopy.

Various metal films of different thicknesses were deposited on to a particle test specimen and their effects on topographic contrast generation and specimen preservation were determined. Tobacco mosaic virus adsorbed on to thin carbon supports or silicon chips was imaged in TEM or high resolution SE-I SEM at a magnification of 350,000X. Tantalum films of 1-2 nm (average mass) thickness produced best contrasts and prevented volume loss of the particles from electron beam damage. Excessively thick films of 5-10 nm thickness blanketed fine structures and caused severe volume losses. Discontinuous 2 nm thick films of gold or platinum decorated the surfaces, caused a loss in topographic contrasts and induced very high volume losses. Thin continuous metal films were necessary to generate high topographic contrast and to prevent volume loss from beam damage by providing sufficient mechanical stability for small topographic features and increased thermal conductivity of the specimen surface.