性别、认知状态和跌倒与营养不良相关的因素：对居住在葡萄牙农村地区的机构化老年人群体的横断面研究。
Sex, cognitive state and falls as factors associated with malnutrition: a cross-sectional study of institutionalized older adults living in a rural area of Portugal.
机构信息
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine/Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avd. de Elvas S/N 06006, Badajoz, Spain.
Escola Superior de Enfermagem São João de Deus, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2023 May 2;21(Suppl 2):2337. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15601-2.
BACKGROUND
Malnutrition is an underestimated geriatric problem, with a high prevalence in institutionalized older adults. The identification of risk factors for malnutrition in elderly individuals must be a priority for governmental organizations worldwide.
METHODS
A total of 98 institutionalized seniors were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. For the assessment of risk factors, sociodemographic characteristics and health-related information were collected. The Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short-Form test was used to assess malnutrition in the sample population.
RESULTS
A significantly greater proportion of women than men were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. In addition, the comparative analysis revealed that comorbidity, arthritis, balance impairment, dementia and fall episodes with serious injuries were significantly more frequent in the older adults categorized as malnourished or at risk of malnutrition than in those categorized as well-nourished.
CONCLUSIONS
Multivariable regression analysis revealed that being female, having a poor cognitive status and experiencing falls with injuries are the main independent factors influencing nutritional status in institutionalized older adults living in a rural area of Portugal.
背景
营养不良是一个被低估的老年问题，在机构化老年人中普遍存在。确定老年人营养不良的风险因素必须成为全球政府组织的优先事项。
方法
共纳入 98 名机构化老年人进行横断面研究。为了评估风险因素，收集了社会人口统计学特征和与健康相关的信息。使用微型营养评估简短表格测试来评估样本人群中的营养不良情况。
结果
与男性相比，女性营养不良或存在营养不良风险的比例明显更高。此外，比较分析显示，在被归类为营养不良或存在营养不良风险的老年人中，合并症、关节炎、平衡障碍、痴呆症和伴有严重伤害的跌倒事件的发生频率明显高于被归类为营养良好的老年人。
结论
多变量回归分析显示，女性、认知状态差和伴有伤害的跌倒是影响葡萄牙农村地区机构化老年人营养状况的主要独立因素。
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