Madeira Teresa, Peixoto-Plácido Catarina, Sousa-Santos Nuno, Santos Osvaldo, Alarcão Violeta, Goulão Beatriz, Mendonça Nuno, Nicola Paulo Jorge, Yngve Agneta, Bye Asta, Bergland Astrid, Amaral Teresa F, Lopes Carla, Gorjão Clara João
Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028Lisboa, Portugal.
Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Public Health Nutr. 2019 Mar;22(3):486-497. doi: 10.1017/S1368980018002318. Epub 2018 Oct 15.
To characterise the nutritional status and to identify malnutrition-associated variables of older adults living in Portuguese nursing homes.
Cross-sectional study. Data on demographic and socio-economic characteristics, self-reported morbidity, eating-related problems, nutritional status, cognitive function, depression symptoms, loneliness feelings and functional status were collected by trained nutritionists through a computer-assisted face-to-face structured interview followed by standardised anthropometric measurements. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with being at risk of malnutrition/malnourished.
Portuguese nursing homes.
Nationally representative sample of the Portuguese population aged 65 years or over living in nursing homes.
A total of 1186 individuals (mean age 83·4 years; 72·8 % women) accepted to participate. According to the Mini Nutritional Assessment, 4·8 (95 % CI 3·2, 7·3) % were identified as malnourished and 38·7 (95 % CI 33·5, 44·2) % were at risk of malnutrition. These percentages increased with age and were significantly higher for women. Logistic regression showed (OR; 95 % CI) that older adults reporting no or little appetite (6·5; 2·7, 15·3), those revealing symptoms of depression (2·6; 1·6, 4·2) and those who were more dependent in their daily living activities (4·7; 2·0, 11·1) were also at higher odds of being malnourished or at risk of malnutrition.
Malnutrition and risk of malnutrition are prevalent among nursing home residents in Portugal. It is crucial to routinely screen for nutritional disorders, as well as risk factors such as symptoms of depression and lower functional status, to prevent and treat malnutrition.
描述居住在葡萄牙养老院的老年人的营养状况，并确定与营养不良相关的变量。
横断面研究。经过培训的营养师通过计算机辅助的面对面结构化访谈收集人口统计学和社会经济特征、自我报告的发病率、饮食相关问题、营养状况、认知功能、抑郁症状、孤独感和功能状态等数据，随后进行标准化人体测量。采用逻辑回归来确定与营养不良/处于营养不良风险相关的因素。
葡萄牙养老院。
居住在养老院的65岁及以上葡萄牙全国代表性样本。
共有1186人（平均年龄83.4岁；72.8%为女性）同意参与。根据微型营养评定法，4.8（95%可信区间3.2，7.3）%被确定为营养不良，38.7（95%可信区间33.5，44.2）%存在营养不良风险。这些百分比随年龄增长而增加，女性显著更高。逻辑回归显示（比值比；95%可信区间），报告无食欲或食欲不佳的老年人（6.5；2.7，15.3）、有抑郁症状的老年人（2.6；1.6，4.2）以及日常生活活动依赖性更强者（4.7；2.0，11.1）营养不良或处于营养不良风险的几率也更高。
在葡萄牙养老院居民中，营养不良和营养不良风险普遍存在。定期筛查营养障碍以及抑郁症状和功能状态较低等风险因素对于预防和治疗营养不良至关重要。
