Ramdahl T, Zielinska B, Arey J, Atkinson R, Winer A M, Pitts J N
Nature. 1986;321(6068):425-7. doi: 10.1038/321425a0.
Several nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAH) are direct-acting mutagens and/or carcinogens, and are important constituents of combustion emissions and ambient air. These nitro-PAH are emitted from various combustion sources including gasoline and diesel engine exhaust, aluminium smelting effluent, coal fly ash, wood smoke, and cigarette smoke condensates. Of these, diesel engine exhaust is the best characterized, more than 50 nitrated polycyclic aromatic compounds having been identified by Paputa-Peck et al., including 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) as the single most abundant nitro-PAH. However, nitro-PAH may also be formed during source-receptor transport by atmospheric reactions of adsorbed or gas-phase PAH with oxides of nitrogen, nitric acid and other atmospherically important species such as the OH radical. Evidence for the atmospheric formation of nitro-PAH has come only recently, from observations that 2-nitropyrene (2-NP) and 2-nitrofluoranthene (2-NF) neither of which has been reported to be emitted from combustion sources, are among the major nitro-PAH present in ambient air. We present here data from several locations which demonstrate that these two atmospherically formed nitro-PAH are ubiquitous in tropospheric ambient air.
几种硝化多环芳烃（nitro-PAH）是直接作用的诱变剂和/或致癌物，是燃烧排放物和环境空气中的重要成分。这些硝基多环芳烃从各种燃烧源排放，包括汽油和柴油发动机尾气、铝冶炼废水、煤飞灰、木烟和香烟烟雾冷凝物。其中，柴油发动机尾气的特征最为明显，Paputa-Peck等人已鉴定出50多种硝化多环芳烃化合物，其中1-硝基芘（1-NP）是含量最丰富的单一硝基多环芳烃。然而，硝基多环芳烃也可能在源-受体传输过程中，通过吸附态或气相多环芳烃与氮氧化物、硝酸以及其他对大气重要的物质（如羟基自由基）发生大气反应而形成。硝基多环芳烃在大气中形成的证据直到最近才出现，这是基于以下观察结果：2-硝基芘（2-NP）和2-硝基荧蒽（2-NF）均未被报道从燃烧源排放，但却是环境空气中主要的硝基多环芳烃。我们在此展示来自多个地点的数据，这些数据表明这两种在大气中形成的硝基多环芳烃在对流层环境空气中普遍存在。
