[城市气溶胶中的极性中性有机化合物（POCN）。3. 西柏林排放颗粒物与环境空气中颗粒物的对比研究]

[Polar neutral organic compounds (POCN) in city aerosols. 3. Comparative studies of emission and immission particles in West Berlin].

作者信息

Moriske H J, Rüden H

机构信息

Fachgebiet Hygiene der Technischen Universität Berlin.

出版信息

Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg B Umwelthyg Krankenhaushyg Arbeitshyg Prav Med. 1988 Jan;185(4-5):452-68.

PMID:2453980

Abstract

After the concentration of the polar organic compounds (= POCN), especially from the neutral fraction, was investigated in urban suspended particulates over a longtime period in Berlin (West) (March 1983-January 1984 at three emission measurement stations loaded by different sources) and some emissions were taken during 1985 from vehicle diesel-engines and private coal firing (domestic fuel) a comparison between all these measurements are given now. The following results were gained: The amount of the ether-extractable organic matter (= EEOM) was higher for the emission samples (less than or equal to 80% of the total suspended particulate matter = TPM) than for the emission measurements (less than or equal to 40% of the TPM). Most of the EEOM was found for particle sizes less than or equal to 1.5-2 micron aerodynamic diameter. Making further separation of the EEOM, then the neutral fraction (= NF) showed the highest percentage of about 60-90% (of the EEOM) for emission measurements and of 60-80% for emission measurements. The values of the acidic fraction (= AF) were with 5-30% (emissions) and 10-25% (emissions). Quite the same results were found for the basic fraction (= BF) with 1-20% (emissions) and 5-20% (emissions). Of the neutral fraction, further separation was done into aliphatic compounds (= AIP), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (= PAH) and polar neutral organic compounds (= POCN). From these compounds, the aliphatics amounted to 30-40% (of the NF) for the vehicle emission measurements and to only 10-20% for the coal firing emissions. The percentages of the PAH and POCN varied and were quite similar with 10-50% (PAH) and 25-50% (POCN). For the emission measurements, the PAH amounted to lower values (5-30%) and the POCN to (30-60%). Some differences between the measurements were found in the gas chromatographic analysis of single PAH and POCN compounds. Then, for the vehicle samples (diesel engines and highway traffic tunnel) higher concentrations were found for perylene and coronene (of the PAH) and for mainly 1-nitropyrene (of the POCN) in comparison with coal firing emissions. There, we found higher concentrations for phenanthrene, benzo(a)pyrene and dibenz(a,h) anthracene (of the PAH) and for 9-fluorenone (of the POCN). The concentration of the nitro-groups containing substances (included in the POCN-fraction) amounted here generally to higher values in comparison with the vehicle emissions (except of 1-nitropyrene).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

摘要

在对柏林（西）城市悬浮颗粒物中极性有机化合物（=POCN）的浓度，尤其是中性组分的浓度进行了长期研究之后（1983年3月 - 1984年1月在三个由不同源加载的排放测量站），并且在1985年从车辆柴油发动机和私人燃煤（家用燃料）采集了一些排放物之后，现在给出了所有这些测量结果的比较。得到了以下结果：排放样品中醚可萃取有机物（=EEOM）的含量（小于或等于总悬浮颗粒物=TPM的80%）高于排放测量值（小于或等于TPM的40%）。大部分EEOM存在于空气动力学直径小于或等于1.5 - 2微米的颗粒中。对EEOM进一步分离后，中性组分（=NF）在排放测量中占比最高，约为60 - 90%（占EEOM），排放样品中占60 - 80%。酸性组分（=AF）的值在排放物中为5 - 30%，排放测量中为10 - 25%。碱性组分（=BF）也得到了相同的结果，排放物中为1 - 20%，排放测量中为5 - 20%。对中性组分进一步分离为脂肪族化合物（=AIP）、多环芳烃（=PAH）和极性中性有机化合物（=POCN）。在这些化合物中，车辆排放测量中脂肪族化合物占NF的30 - 40%，燃煤排放中仅占10 - 20%。PAH和POCN的百分比有所变化且非常相似，PAH为10 - 50%，POCN为25 - 50%。对于排放测量，PAH的值较低（5 - 30%），POCN为（30 - 60%）。在单一PAH和POCN化合物的气相色谱分析中发现了测量结果之间的一些差异。然后，与燃煤排放相比，在车辆样品（柴油发动机和公路交通隧道）中发现苝和晕苯（PAH的）以及主要是1 - 硝基芘（POCN的）浓度较高。在那里，我们发现菲、苯并(a)芘和二苯并(a,h)蒽（PAH的）以及9 - 芴酮（POCN的）浓度较高。与车辆排放相比（1 -硝基芘除外），这里含硝基物质（包含在POCN组分中）的浓度总体上更高。（摘要截断于400字）