Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
Department of Pharmacy, Basra University College of Science and Technology, Basra, Iraq.
Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2023 Jan-Dec;22:15330338231168016. doi: 10.1177/15330338231168016.
Recently, much research is focused on the use of photothermal therapy (PTT) as an advanced method to treat various types of cancer. The PTT approach primarily utilizes nanoparticles (NPs) made from metals, carbon, or semiconductors that can convert near-infrared laser irradiation, which penetrates tissues, into local heat that induces cancer cell death. An alternative approach is to utilize NPs (such as liposomes) to carry suitable dye molecules to the same end. Numerous studies concerning PTT have shown that local heat released in cancer cells may suppress the expression of membrane transporter proteins such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), thus enhancing cytotoxicity and reverse multidrug resistance. In addition, because NPs may be loaded with different substances, researchers have designed multifunctional NPs for PTT by including several agents such as membrane transporter modulators, anticancer drugs, and photothermal agents. This review will focus on the recent advances in PTT utilizing various types of NPs, and their components and characteristics. In addition, the role of membrane transporters in PTT will be highlighted and different methods of transporter modulation will be summarized from several PTT studies in which multifunctional NPs were used to treat cancers and .
最近，许多研究都集中在光热疗法（PTT）作为治疗各种类型癌症的先进方法上。PTT 方法主要利用由金属、碳或半导体制成的纳米粒子（NPs），这些纳米粒子可以将穿透组织的近红外激光辐射转化为局部热，从而诱导癌细胞死亡。另一种方法是利用 NPs（如脂质体）将合适的染料分子输送到相同的目的。许多关于 PTT 的研究表明，癌细胞中释放的局部热量可能会抑制膜转运蛋白（如 P 糖蛋白（P-gp）和多药耐药相关蛋白 1（MRP1）的表达，从而增强细胞毒性并逆转多药耐药性。此外，由于 NPs 可以装载不同的物质，研究人员通过包括膜转运体调节剂、抗癌药物和光热剂等几种药物，设计了用于 PTT 的多功能 NPs。这篇综述将重点介绍利用各种类型的 NPs 进行 PTT 的最新进展及其组成和特性。此外，还将强调膜转运体在 PTT 中的作用，并从使用多功能 NPs 治疗癌症的几项 PTT 研究中总结出不同的转运体调节方法。
