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量子力学在基于认知的进化中的作用。

The role of quantum mechanics in cognition-based evolution.

机构信息

Evolution 2.0, 805 Lake Street #295, Oak Park, IL, 60301, USA.

出版信息

Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2023 Jul-Aug;180-181:131-139. doi: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.04.007. Epub 2023 May 2.

Abstract

In 2021 I noted that in all information-based systems we understand, Cognition creates Code, which controls Chemical reactions. Known agents write software which controls hardware, and not the other way around. I proposed the same is true in all of biology. Though the textbook description of cause and effect in biology proposes the reverse, that Chemical reactions produce Code from which Cognition emerges, there are no examples in the literature demonstrating either step. A mathematical proof for the first step, cognition generating code, is based on Turing's halting problem. The second step, code controlling chemical reactions, is the role of the genetic code. Thus a central question in biology: What is the nature and source of cognition? In this paper I propose a relationship between biology and Quantum Mechanics (QM), hypothesizing that the same principle that enables an observer to collapse a wave function also grants biology its agency: the organism's ability to act on the world instead of merely being a passive recipient. Just as all living cells are cognitive (Shapiro 2021, 2007; McClintock 1984; Lyon 2015; Levin 2019; Pascal and Pross, 2022), I propose humans are quantum observers because we are made of cells and all cells are observers. This supports the century-old view that in QM, the observer does not merely record the event but plays a fundamental role in its outcome.The classical world is driven by laws, which are deductive; the quantum world is driven by choices, which are inductive. When the two are combined, they form the master feedback loop of perception and action for all biology. In this paper I apply basic definitions of induction, deduction and computation to known properties of QM to show that the organism altering itself (and its environment) is a whole shaping its parts. It is not merely parts comprising a whole. I propose that an observer collapsing the wave function is the physical mechanism for producing negentropy. The way forward in solving the information problem in biology is understanding the relationship between cognition and QM.

摘要

2021 年,我注意到在我们所理解的所有基于信息的系统中,认知创造了代码,而代码则控制着化学反应。已知的代理程序编写软件来控制硬件,而不是相反。我提出,在所有生物学中也是如此。尽管生物学中因果关系的教科书描述提出了相反的观点,即化学反应产生代码,而认知则从中涌现,但文献中没有任何例子证明这两个步骤中的任何一个。关于认知产生代码的第一步的数学证明,是基于图灵的停机问题。第二步,即代码控制化学反应,是遗传密码的作用。因此,生物学中的一个核心问题是:认知的本质和来源是什么?在本文中,我提出了生物学和量子力学(QM)之间的关系,假设使观察者能够使波函数坍缩的同一原则也赋予了生物学的作用:生物体对世界的作用能力,而不是仅仅作为被动的接受者。就像所有活细胞都是认知的一样(Shapiro 2021, 2007;McClintock 1984;Lyon 2015;Levin 2019;Pascal 和 Pross, 2022),我提出人类是量子观察者,因为我们是由细胞组成的,而所有细胞都是观察者。这支持了一个世纪以来的观点,即在 QM 中,观察者不仅仅是记录事件,而是在其结果中起着根本性的作用。经典世界是由定律驱动的,定律是演绎的;量子世界是由选择驱动的,选择是归纳的。当两者结合时,它们就形成了所有生物学的感知和行动的主反馈回路。在本文中,我将归纳、演绎和计算的基本定义应用于 QM 的已知性质,以表明改变自身(及其环境)的生物体是一个塑造其部分的整体。它不仅仅是由部分组成的整体。我提出,使波函数坍缩的观察者是产生负熵的物理机制。解决生物学中信息问题的方法是理解认知和 QM 之间的关系。

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