Dahlborn K, Karlberg B E
Q J Exp Physiol. 1986 Apr;71(2):223-33. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.1986.sp002980.
A study was made of water and salt balance during a 28 h period of starvation in lactating and anoestral goats. Food deprivation caused diminished water intake in all but one animal, and the secretion of urine and milk gradually decreased. The plasma volume and the glomerular filtration rate were reduced, the plasma Na concentration lowered, and the plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration raised during starvation. After 28 h without food the goats were given a load of water or saline into the rumen. The fall in the plasma protein concentration that occurred indicates that the plasma volume increased in all animals within 4 h of receiving saline, but was unchanged after the water load. The plasma Na concentration decreased further after the water load, but increased in all animals after the saline load. The plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration remained elevated after the intraruminal water load, but fell towards basic values after the saline load. The renal Na excretion decreased during food deprivation, and showed no increase within 4 h of saline loading. It appears that only the load of saline restored the salt and water homoeostasis of the animal. Lactating and anoestral goats do not apparently differ in their response to starvation. The effects of starvation on fluid balance seem to become as severe in goats as in monogastric species despite food reservoirs in the reticulo-rumen and omasum at the onset of food deprivation.
对泌乳期和非泌乳期山羊在饥饿28小时期间的水盐平衡进行了一项研究。除一只动物外，食物剥夺导致所有动物的水摄入量减少，尿液和乳汁分泌逐渐减少。饥饿期间，血浆容量和肾小球滤过率降低，血浆钠浓度降低，血浆肾素活性和血浆醛固酮浓度升高。禁食28小时后，给山羊瘤胃内注入一定量的水或盐水。所出现的血浆蛋白浓度下降表明，所有动物在接受盐水后4小时内血浆容量增加，但给水负荷后血浆容量无变化。给水负荷后血浆钠浓度进一步降低，但给盐水负荷后所有动物的血浆钠浓度均升高。瘤胃内给水负荷后，血浆肾素活性和血浆醛固酮浓度仍保持升高，但给盐水负荷后则降至基础值。禁食期间肾钠排泄减少，在给盐水负荷后4小时内未增加。似乎只有盐水负荷才能恢复动物的水盐稳态。泌乳期和非泌乳期山羊对饥饿的反应显然没有差异。尽管在饥饿开始时网胃-瘤胃和瓣胃中有食物储备，但饥饿对液体平衡的影响在山羊中似乎与单胃动物一样严重。
