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蒸汽消毒后土壤真菌微生物群落的恢复以控制植物病原体

Recovery of the soil fungal microbiome after steam disinfection to manage the plant pathogen .

作者信息

Larson Eric R, Crandall Sharifa G

机构信息

Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.

Microbiome Center, Penn State Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, United States.

出版信息

Front Plant Sci. 2023 Apr 21;14:1128518. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1128518. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

Soil disinfection using high temperatures steam is a promising approach to manage plant pathogens, pests, and weeds. Soil steaming is a viable option for growers who are moving away from dependence on chemical soil fumigants, especially in plant nursery or high tunnel environments. However, there are few studies that investigate how soil steaming causes substantial disturbance to the soil by killing both target pathogens and other soil biota. Steaming treatments also change the trajectory of the soil microbiome as it reassembles over time. Growers are interested in the health of soils after using steam-disinfection, especially if a virulent pathogen colonizes the soil and then flourishes in a situation where there are very few microbes to suppress its growth. Should recruitment of a virulent pathogen occur in the soil, this could have devasting effects on seed germination, seedling establishment and survival. Beneficial microbes are often used to prevent the colonization of plant pathogens, especially after a soil-steaming event. Here, we experimentally test how soil fungal communities assemble after steaming disinfection. We introduce to steam-treated soil , an important fungal pathogen of soybean and , a known beneficial fungus used for soilborne pathogen suppression. Results show that significantly affects the relative abundance and diversity of the soil fungal microbiome, however, does not mitigate the amount of in the steam treated soil. Within the microbial addition, the soil fungal communities were similar to the control (steaming only). This result suggests inoculating the soil with does not drastically alter the assembly trajectory of the soil fungal microbiome. Other soil amendments such as a combination of spp. or other genera could suppress growth and shift soil microbiome composition and function post-steaming, however, more experimental research is needed.

摘要

使用高温蒸汽进行土壤消毒是一种有前景的防治植物病原体、害虫和杂草的方法。对于那些不再依赖化学土壤熏蒸剂的种植者来说,土壤蒸汽消毒是一种可行的选择,特别是在植物苗圃或高隧道环境中。然而,很少有研究调查土壤蒸汽消毒是如何通过杀死目标病原体和其他土壤生物群而对土壤造成重大干扰的。蒸汽处理还会随着时间的推移重新组装土壤微生物群,从而改变土壤微生物组的发展轨迹。种植者对蒸汽消毒后土壤的健康状况很感兴趣,特别是如果一种致病力强的病原体在土壤中定殖,然后在微生物很少抑制其生长的情况下大量繁殖。如果土壤中出现致病力强的病原体,这可能会对种子发芽、幼苗定植和存活产生毁灭性影响。有益微生物通常用于防止植物病原体的定殖,特别是在土壤蒸汽消毒之后。在这里,我们通过实验测试了蒸汽消毒后土壤真菌群落是如何组装的。我们将大豆的一种重要真菌病原体和一种已知用于抑制土壤传播病原体的有益真菌引入经过蒸汽处理的土壤中。结果表明,[具体病原体名称]显著影响土壤真菌微生物组的相对丰度和多样性,然而,[有益真菌名称]并没有减轻蒸汽处理土壤中[具体病原体名称]的数量。在添加微生物的情况下,土壤真菌群落与对照(仅蒸汽处理)相似。这一结果表明,用[有益真菌名称]接种土壤不会大幅改变土壤真菌微生物组的组装轨迹。其他土壤改良剂,如[具体植物名称]或其他属的组合,可以抑制[具体病原体名称]的生长,并在蒸汽消毒后改变土壤微生物组的组成和功能,然而,还需要更多的实验研究。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1c7c/10161934/56f209ce6869/fpls-14-1128518-g001.jpg

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