Perin Lisiane, Camboim Isadora G, Schneider Cláudia D, Lehnen Alexandre M
Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Br J Nutr. 2023 Dec 14;130(11):1859-1870. doi: 10.1017/S0007114523001022. Epub 2023 Apr 27.
We evaluated the effects of two low-energy diets with different glycaemic loads on arterial stiffness in adults with excess weight. This was a 45-day parallel-group, randomised clinical trial including seventy-five participants (20-59 years; BMI 32 kg/m). They were assigned to two similar low-energy diets (reduction of ∼750 kcal.d) with macronutrient composition (55 % carbohydrates, 20 % proteins and 25 % lipids) but different glycaemic loads: high-glycaemic load (HGL 171 g.d; 36) or low-glycaemic load (LGL 67 g.d; 39). We evaluated: arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV); augmentation index (AIx@75); reflection coefficient; fasting blood glucose; fasting lipid profile; blood pressure and body composition. We found no improvements in PWV ( = 0·690) and AIx@75 ( = 0·083) in both diet groups, but there was a decrease in the reflection coefficient in the LGL group ( = 0·003) compared with baseline. The LGL diet group showed reductions in body weight (Δ -4·9 kg; = 0·001), BMI (Δ -1·6 kg/m; = 0·001), waist circumference (Δ -3·1 cm; = 0·001), body fat (Δ -1·8 %; = 0·034), as well as TAG (Δ -14·7 mg/dl; = 0·016) and VLDL (Δ -2·8 mg/dl; = 0·020). The HGL diet group showed a reduction in total cholesterol (Δ -14·6 mg/dl; = 0·001), LDL (Δ -9·3 mg/dl; = 0·029) but a reduction in HDL (Δ -3·7 mg/dl; = 0·002). In conclusion, a 45-day intervention with low-energy HGL or LGL diets in adults with excess weight was not effective to improve arterial stiffness. However, the LGL diet intervention was associated with a reduction of reflection coefficient and improvements in body composition, TAG and VLDL levels.
我们评估了两种不同血糖负荷的低能量饮食对超重成年人动脉僵硬度的影响。这是一项为期45天的平行组随机临床试验，包括75名参与者（20 - 59岁；BMI 32 kg/m）。他们被分配到两种相似的低能量饮食（每天减少约750千卡），其宏量营养素组成相同（55%碳水化合物、20%蛋白质和25%脂质），但血糖负荷不同：高血糖负荷（HGL 171克/天；36）或低血糖负荷（LGL 67克/天；39）。我们评估了：动脉僵硬度（脉搏波速度，PWV）；增强指数（AIx@75）；反射系数；空腹血糖；空腹血脂谱；血压和身体成分。我们发现两个饮食组的PWV（ = 0·690）和AIx@75（ = 0·083）均无改善，但与基线相比，LGL组的反射系数有所降低（ = 0·003）。LGL饮食组的体重（Δ - 4·9千克； = 0·001）、BMI（Δ - 1·6千克/米； = 0·001）、腰围（Δ - 3·1厘米； = 0·001）、体脂（Δ - 1·8%； = 0·034）以及甘油三酯（Δ - 14·7毫克/分升； = 0·016）和极低密度脂蛋白（Δ - 2·8毫克/分升； = 0·020）均有所降低。HGL饮食组的总胆固醇（Δ - 14·6毫克/分升； = 0·001）、低密度脂蛋白（Δ - 9·3毫克/分升； = 0·029）有所降低，但高密度脂蛋白降低（Δ - 3·7毫克/分升； = 0·002）。总之，对超重成年人进行为期45天的低能量HGL或LGL饮食干预对改善动脉僵硬度无效。然而，LGL饮食干预与反射系数降低以及身体成分、甘油三酯和极低密度脂蛋白水平的改善有关。
