Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
J Hazard Mater. 2023 Aug 5;455:131577. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131577. Epub 2023 May 4.
Bensulide is an organophosphate herbicide commonly used in agricultural crops; however, no studies have reported on its toxic effects in the embryonic development of vertebrates, particularly gene expression level and cellular response. Therefore, to identify developmental toxicity, zebrafish eggs 8 h post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to bensulide concentrations of up to 3 mg/L. The results indicated that exposure to 3 mg/L bensulide inhibited the hatching of all eggs and decreased the size of the body, eyes, and inner ear. There were demonstrated effects observed in the cardiovascular system and liver caused by bensulide in fli1:eGFP and L-fabp:dsRed transgenic zebrafish models, respectively. Following exposure to 3 mg/L bensulide, normal heart development, including cardiac looping, was disrupted and the heart rate of 96 hpf zebrafish larvae decreased to 16.37%. Development of the liver, the main detoxification organ, was also inhibited by bensulide, and after exposure to 3 mg/L bensulide its size reduced to 41.98%. Additionally, exposure to bensulide resulted in inhibition of antioxidant enzyme expression and an increase in ROS levels by up to 238.29%. Collectively, we identified various biological responses associated with the toxicity of bensulide, which led to various organ malformations and cytotoxic effects in zebrafish.
苯噻草胺是一种常用于农作物的有机磷除草剂；然而，目前尚无研究报道其在脊椎动物胚胎发育过程中的毒理效应，特别是基因表达水平和细胞反应。因此，为了确定发育毒性，我们将受精后 8 小时的斑马鱼胚胎（hpf）暴露于高达 3mg/L 的苯噻草胺浓度下。结果表明，暴露于 3mg/L 的苯噻草胺抑制了所有卵的孵化，并减小了鱼体、眼睛和内耳的大小。在 fli1:eGFP 和 L-fabp:dsRed 转基因斑马鱼模型中，均观察到苯噻草胺对心血管系统和肝脏的作用。暴露于 3mg/L 的苯噻草胺后，正常的心脏发育，包括心脏环化，受到干扰，96 hpf 斑马鱼幼鱼的心率降低至 16.37%。肝脏作为主要的解毒器官，其发育也受到苯噻草胺的抑制，暴露于 3mg/L 的苯噻草胺后其大小缩小至 41.98%。此外，苯噻草胺暴露导致抗氧化酶表达的抑制和 ROS 水平增加高达 238.29%。总的来说，我们确定了与苯噻草胺毒性相关的各种生物学反应，导致斑马鱼出现各种器官畸形和细胞毒性效应。
