Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 321 George Campbell Building Howard College Campus, Durban, 4041, South Africa; Department of Public Health, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.
Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 321 George Campbell Building Howard College Campus, Durban, 4041, South Africa.
Environ Res. 2023 Aug 15;231(Pt 1):116063. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116063. Epub 2023 May 6.
Residential microbial composition likely contributes to the development of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) among children, but the association is poorly understood. We aimed to study the relationship between the indoor airborne dust bacterial and fungal microbiota and childhood LRTI in Ibadan, Nigeria. Ninety-eight children under the age of five years hospitalized with LRTI were recruited and matched by age (±3 months), sex, and geographical location to 99 community-based controls without LRTI. Participants' homes were visited and sampled over a 14-day period for airborne house dust using electrostatic dustfall collectors (EDC). In airborne dust samples, the composition of bacterial and fungal communities was characterized by a meta-barcoding approach using amplicons targeting simultaneously the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and the internal-transcribed-spacer (ITS) region-1 of fungi in association with the SILVA and UNITE database respectively. A 100-unit change in house dust bacterial, but not fungal, richness (OR 1.06; 95%CI 1.03-1.10) and a 1-unit change in Shannon diversity (OR 1.92; 95%CI 1.28-3.01) were both independently associated with childhood LRTI after adjusting for other indoor environmental risk factors. Beta-diversity analysis showed that bacterial (PERMANOVA p < 0.001, R = 0.036) and fungal (PERMANOVA p < 0.001, R = 0.028) community composition differed significantly between homes of cases and controls. Pair-wise differential abundance analysis using both DESEq2 and MaAsLin2 consistently identified the bacterial phyla Deinococcota (Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) adjusted p-value <0.001) and Bacteriodota (BH-adjusted p-value = 0.004) to be negatively associated with LRTI. Within the fungal microbiota, phylum Ascomycota abundance (BH adjusted p-value <0.001) was observed to be directly associated with LRTI, while Basidiomycota abundance (BH adjusted p-value <0.001) was negatively associated with LRTI. Our study suggests that early-life exposure to certain airborne bacterial and fungal communities is associated with LRTI among children under the age of five years.
室内空气尘埃中的细菌和真菌微生物群落与儿童下呼吸道感染（LRTI）的发生可能有关，但这种关联尚未得到充分认识。本研究旨在探讨尼日利亚伊巴丹市儿童下呼吸道感染与室内空气尘埃中细菌和真菌微生物群之间的关系。我们招募了 98 名 5 岁以下因 LRTI 住院的儿童，并按年龄（±3 个月）、性别和地理位置与 99 名无 LRTI 的社区对照儿童进行匹配。在 14 天的时间内，使用静电尘埃收集器（EDC）对儿童家庭进行了空气尘埃采样。在空气尘埃样本中，通过扩增子靶向细菌 16S rRNA 基因和真菌内部转录间隔区-1（ITS）区域-1 的元条形码方法，同时结合 SILVA 和 UNITE 数据库，对细菌和真菌群落的组成进行了特征描述。在调整了其他室内环境风险因素后，室内灰尘细菌丰富度每增加 100 个单位（OR 1.06；95%CI 1.03-1.10）和 Shannon 多样性增加 1 个单位（OR 1.92；95%CI 1.28-3.01）均与儿童 LRTI 独立相关。β多样性分析显示，病例组和对照组家庭之间的细菌（PERMANOVA p<0.001，R=0.036）和真菌（PERMANOVA p<0.001，R=0.028）群落组成存在显著差异。使用 DESEq2 和 MaAsLin2 进行的成对差异丰度分析一致表明，细菌门 Deinococcota（Benjamini-Hochberg（BH）调整后的 p 值<0.001）和 Bacteriodota（BH 调整后的 p 值=0.004）与 LRTI 呈负相关。在真菌微生物群中，发现子囊菌门的丰度（BH 调整后的 p 值<0.001）与 LRTI 呈直接相关，而担子菌门的丰度（BH 调整后的 p 值<0.001）与 LRTI 呈负相关。本研究表明，儿童生命早期暴露于某些空气传播的细菌和真菌群落与 5 岁以下儿童的 LRTI 有关。
