FibEnTech Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2024 Jun;44(4):641-659. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2193859. Epub 2023 May 8.
Among the many different types of wound dressings, nanofiber-based materials produced through electrospinning are claimed to be ideal because of their advantageous intrinsic properties and the feasibility of employing several strategies to load bioactive compounds into their structure. Bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties have been incorporated into different wound dressings to promote healing as well as prevent and treat bacterial infections. Among these, natural products, such as medicinal plant extracts and essential oils (EOs), have proven particularly attractive thanks to their nontoxic nature, minor side effects, desirable bioactive properties, and favorable effects on the healing process. To this end, the present review provides an exhaustive and up-to-date revision of the most prominent medicinal plant extracts and EOs with antimicrobial properties that have been incorporated into nanofiber-based wound dressings. The most common methods used for incorporating bioactive compounds into electrospun nanofibers include: pre-electrospinning (blend, encapsulation, coaxial, and emulsion electrospinning), post-electrospinning (physical adsorption, chemical immobilization, and layer-by-layer assembly), and nanoparticle loading. Furthermore, a general overview of the benefits of EOs and medicinal plant extracts is presented, describing their intrinsic properties and biotechniques for their incorporation into wound dressings. Finally, the current challenges and safety issues that need to be adequately clarified and addressed are discussed.
在众多不同类型的伤口敷料中，通过静电纺丝生产的纳米纤维材料因其固有优势特性以及将生物活性化合物负载到其结构中的几种策略的可行性而被认为是理想的选择。具有抗菌性能的生物活性化合物已被纳入不同的伤口敷料中，以促进愈合以及预防和治疗细菌感染。在这些化合物中，天然产物，如药用植物提取物和精油（EOs），由于其无毒性质、较小的副作用、理想的生物活性特性以及对愈合过程的有利影响，已被证明特别有吸引力。为此，本综述提供了已纳入基于纳米纤维的伤口敷料中的具有抗菌性能的最突出的药用植物提取物和 EOs 的详尽和最新修订版。将生物活性化合物掺入电纺纳米纤维中最常用的方法包括：预电纺（共混、包封、同轴和乳液电纺）、后电纺（物理吸附、化学固定和层层组装）和纳米颗粒负载。此外，还介绍了 EOs 和药用植物提取物的一般概述，描述了它们的固有特性和将它们掺入伤口敷料的生物技术。最后，讨论了当前需要充分澄清和解决的挑战和安全问题。
