College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
Protoplasma. 2023 Sep;260(5):1453-1467. doi: 10.1007/s00709-023-01861-7. Epub 2023 May 8.
Staminal nectaries show diversity in their position, size, shape, color, and number in Ranunculales. In Papaveraceae, nectaries only appear at the base of stamen in these lineages with disymmetric and zygomorphic flowers. However, the diversity of the staminal nectaries' developmental characteristics and structure is unknown. The diversity of staminal nectaries of Hypecoum erectum, Ichtyoselmis macrantha, Adlumia asiatica, Dactylicapnos torulosa, Corydalis edulis, and Fumaria officinalis (six species belonging to six genera, respectively) in the Fumarioideae was investigated under scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. In all species studied, according to the developmental characteristics of the nectaries, four developmental stages can be divided into initiation, enlargement, differentiation, and maturation, and the number of nectaries can be determined at the stage of initiation (stage 1), and morphological differentiation occurs at the developmental stage 3. The staminal nectaries consist of secretory epidermis, parenchyma tissue, and phloem with some sieve tube elements reaching the secretory parenchyma cells; however, the number of cell layers of parenchyma can vary from 30 to 40 in I. macrantha and D. torulosa, to only 5 to 10 like in F. officinalis. Secretory epidermis cells are larger than secretory parenchyma cells with abundant microchannels on the outer cell wall. There were abundant mitochondria, Golgi bodies, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and plastids in secretory parenchyma cells. Nectar is stored in the intercellular space and exuded to the exterior via microchannels. In A. asiatica, according to the evidence of small secretory cell characteristics such as dense cytoplasm, and numerous mitochondria, together with the filamentous secretions present on the surface of epidermal cells on groove, it can be inferred that the U-shaped sulcate which is located in the white projection formed at the filament of triplets in A. asiatica is nectariferous.
在毛茛目中，雄蕊蜜腺在位置、大小、形状、颜色和数量上具有多样性。在罂粟科中，这些具有不对称和辐射对称花的类群中，蜜腺仅出现在雄蕊基部。然而，雄蕊蜜腺发育特征和结构的多样性尚不清楚。通过扫描电子显微镜、光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究了 Hypecoum erectum、Ichtyoselmis macrantha、Adlumia asiatica、Dactylicapnos torulosa、Corydalis edulis 和 Fumaria officinalis（分别属于六个属的六个种）雄蕊蜜腺的多样性。在所有研究的物种中，根据蜜腺的发育特征，可分为起始、扩大、分化和成熟四个发育阶段，并且可以在起始阶段（第 1 阶段）确定蜜腺的数量，形态分化发生在发育阶段 3。雄蕊蜜腺由分泌表皮、薄壁组织和韧皮部组成，一些筛管分子延伸到分泌薄壁细胞中；然而，薄壁组织的细胞层数在 I. macrantha 和 D. torulosa 中从 30 到 40 不等，而在 F. officinalis 中只有 5 到 10 层。分泌表皮细胞大于分泌薄壁细胞，外壁有丰富的微通道。分泌薄壁细胞中含有丰富的线粒体、高尔基体、粗面内质网和质体。花蜜储存在细胞间隙中，并通过微通道渗出到外部。在 A. asiatica 中，根据小分泌细胞的特征，如细胞质密集、线粒体丰富，以及表皮细胞在凹槽表面存在丝状分泌物的证据，可以推断出位于 A. asiatica 中三联体细丝白色突起处的 U 形沟是蜜腺。
