Liu Xinqiao, Ji Xinyu, Zhang Yifan
School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
Heliyon. 2023 Apr 25;9(5):e15750. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15750. eCollection 2023 May.
General self-efficacy plays a critical role in the development of college students, and mastering the development of students' general self-efficacy is helpful to explain students' behavior and psychological performance. Based on the data from the same cohort of college students for four consecutive years, this study used the piecewise growth mixture model to identify the developmental trajectories of general self-efficacy, built a multinomial logistic regression model to analyze the related predictors on different trajectories, and further compared the differences in depression symptoms in general self-efficacy trajectories. Three trajectories of college students' general self-efficacy were identified: stable-rising (8.7%), stable-decreasing (2.4%), and moderate and stable (88.9%). With the moderate and stable class as the reference, gender and extraversion are the predictors of students in the stable-increasing class; gender, extraversion, mother's education level, and university tier significantly predict students who fall into the stable-decreasing class. With the stable-increasing class as the reference, gender also has a significant predictive effect on students who belong to the stable-decreasing class. However, age, ethnicity, siblings, hometown location, father's education level, BMI, sleep, and major were not related predictors. Furthermore, mean differences in depression between latent classes of general self-efficacy trajectories were significant, and the depression scores of the stable-decreasing class were beyond the normal range in the third and fourth years. To promote college students' mental health, we suggest that colleges provide more specific psychological interventions to students based on the classification.
一般自我效能感在大学生的发展中起着关键作用，掌握学生一般自我效能感的发展情况有助于解释学生的行为和心理表现。基于连续四年同一批大学生的数据，本研究采用分段增长混合模型来识别一般自我效能感的发展轨迹，构建多项逻辑回归模型来分析不同轨迹上的相关预测因素，并进一步比较一般自我效能感轨迹中抑郁症状的差异。识别出大学生一般自我效能感的三种轨迹：稳定上升型（8.7%）、稳定下降型（2.4%）和中等稳定型（88.9%）。以中等稳定组为参照，性别和外向性是稳定上升组学生的预测因素；性别、外向性、母亲的教育水平和大学层次显著预测落入稳定下降组的学生。以稳定上升组为参照时，性别对属于稳定下降组的学生也有显著预测作用。然而，年龄、种族、兄弟姐妹数量、家乡位置、父亲的教育水平、体重指数、睡眠和专业不是相关预测因素。此外，一般自我效能感轨迹潜在类别之间的抑郁平均差异显著，稳定下降组在第三年和第四年的抑郁得分超出正常范围。为促进大学生心理健康，我们建议高校根据分类为学生提供更具针对性的心理干预措施。
