Unit for Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
tick-radar GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2023 Jun;90(1-2):47-65. doi: 10.1007/s10493-023-00797-0. Epub 2023 May 9.
The Eurasian shrew and vole tick Ixodes trianguliceps Birula lives in the nests and burrows of its small mammalian hosts and is-along with larvae and nymphs of Ixodes ricinus or Ixodes persulcatus-one of the most commonly collected tick species from these hosts in its Eurasian range. Ixodes trianguliceps is a proven vector of Babesia microti. In this study, up-to-date maps depicting the geographical distribution and the climate preference of I. trianguliceps are presented. A dataset was compiled, resulting in 1161 georeferenced locations in Eurasia. This data set covers the entire range of I. trianguliceps for the first time. The distribution area between 8[Formula: see text] W-105[Formula: see text] E and 40-69[Formula: see text] N extends from Northern Spain to Western Siberia. To investigate the climate adaptation of I. trianguliceps, the georeferenced locations were superimposed on a high-resolution map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The Köppen profile for I. trianguliceps, i.e., a frequency distribution of the tick occurrence under different climates, shows two peaks related to the following climates: warm temperate with precipitation all year round (Cfb), and boreal with warm or cold summers and precipitation all year round (Dfb, Dfc). Almost 97% of all known I. trianguliceps locations are related to these climates. Thus, I. trianguliceps prefers climates with warm or cold summers without dry periods. Cold winters do not limit the distribution of this nidicolous tick species, which has been recorded in the European Alps and the Caucasus Mountains up to altitudes of 2400 m. Conversely, I. trianguliceps does not occur in the Mediterranean area with its hot and dry summers.
欧亚鼩鼱和巢鼠蜱恙螨 Ixodes trianguliceps Birula 生活在其小型哺乳动物宿主的巢穴和洞穴中，与幼虫和若虫的 Ixodes ricinus 或 Ixodes persulcatus 一起，是其在欧亚范围内从小型哺乳动物宿主中最常采集的蜱种之一。Ixodes trianguliceps 是伯氏疏螺旋体的已知传播媒介。在本研究中，提供了描绘其地理分布和气候偏好的最新地图。编制了一个数据集，其中包含欧亚大陆的 1161 个地理位置。该数据集首次涵盖了 I. trianguliceps 的整个范围。分布区在 8[Formula: see text]W-105[Formula: see text]E 和 40-69[Formula: see text]N 之间，从北西班牙延伸到西西伯利亚。为了研究 I. trianguliceps 的气候适应性，将地理位置叠加在高分辨率的柯本-盖格尔气候分类地图上。I. trianguliceps 的柯本概况，即 tick 出现的不同气候下的频率分布，显示与以下气候相关的两个峰值：全年降水的暖温带（Cfb）和温暖或寒冷夏季且全年降水的北方（Dfb、Dfc）。几乎 97%的已知 I. trianguliceps 位置与这些气候有关。因此，I. trianguliceps 更喜欢温暖或寒冷夏季且没有干燥期的气候。寒冷的冬季不会限制这种生境性 tick 物种的分布，它在欧洲阿尔卑斯山和高加索山脉的记录高达 2400 米的海拔。相反，I. trianguliceps 不会出现在夏季炎热干燥的地中海地区。
