Tinbergen J, Stavenga D G
Vision Res. 1986;26(2):239-43. doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(86)90018-0.
The transmission and fluorescence of the compound eye of living, intact blowflies Calliphora erythrocephala, mutant chalky, were studied microspectrophotometrically. Transmission spectra were recorded under four conditions. The fly was either in the normal air environment or in a nitrogen atmosphere, and in both cases the investigated eye was adapted to red and blue light, respectively. The absorbance difference spectra obtained from the two chromatic adapted conditions showed the clear characteristics of the main visual pigment; the difference spectra for the air and the N2 case were virtually identical. The absorbance difference spectrum obtained from the air vs N2 case was very similar to the redox difference spectrum of the pigments in the mitochondrial chain. The redox difference spectra obtained for the two photosteady states were essentially the same. The fluorescence emission spectra induced by UV and blue excitation were measured with the fly in air and in a nitrogen atmosphere, respectively. The UV-induced blue emission under hypoxia, whereas the blue-induced green emission dropped. The changes are typical for a reduction of mitochondrial NADH and flavoproteins, respectively. The transmission and fluorescence measurements corroborates each other and demonstrate mitochondrial activity in photoreceptors in vivo and non-invasively.
利用显微分光光度法研究了活体完整红头丽蝇（Calliphora erythrocephala）突变体“白垩”复眼的透射和荧光特性。在四种条件下记录了透射光谱。苍蝇要么处于正常空气环境中，要么处于氮气氛围中，且在这两种情况下，分别让被研究的眼睛适应红光和蓝光。从两种颜色适应条件下获得的吸光度差光谱显示出主要视觉色素的清晰特征；空气和氮气情况下的差光谱几乎相同。从空气与氮气情况获得的吸光度差光谱与线粒体链中色素的氧化还原差光谱非常相似。在两种光稳定状态下获得的氧化还原差光谱基本相同。分别在空气和氮气氛围中对苍蝇进行测量，得到了紫外线和蓝光激发诱导的荧光发射光谱。缺氧条件下紫外线诱导的蓝光发射增强，而蓝光诱导的绿光发射减弱。这些变化分别是线粒体烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）和黄素蛋白减少的典型表现。透射和荧光测量相互印证，非侵入性地证明了体内光感受器中线粒体的活性。
