Nakamoto Isuzu, Sugiura Keiko, Sagara Tomoya, Takase Mai, Ma Panpan, Muto Yoko, Higashi Kentaro, Fujiwara Yoshinori, Murayama Hiroshi
Research Team for Social Participation and Healthy Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology.
Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2023 Jul 25;70(7):425-432. doi: 10.11236/jph.22-111. Epub 2023 May 10.
Objectives This study is intended to clarify the perceived benefits of working among older assistant care workers employed in geriatric health service facilities and examine the relationship between perceived benefits and emotional exhaustion.Methods We analyzed data from a mail survey of older assistant care workers employed in geriatric health service facilities that the Japan Association of Geriatric Health Services Facilities conducted in 2020. In this survey, those aged ≥60 were defined as older assistant care workers. Responses were obtained from 1,606 older assistant care workers at 599 facilities. The dependent variable was the emotional exhaustion subscale of the Japanese version of the Burnout Questionnaire. The independent variables were the seven benefits of working as an assistant care worker: 1) I can contribute to society; 2) I am connected to society; 3) I have a sense of purpose in life; 4) I am earning the income I expected since I started working as an assistant care worker; 5) I am learning about care; 6) It has maintained and improved my health; and 7) I can use my time effectively. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed using these seven benefits as independent variables. Multiple regression analysis was performed using emotional exhaustion and the perceived benefits as dependent and independent variables, respectively. The missing values were supplemented by the multiple imputation method.Results Overall, 1,601 responses were analyzed after excluding 5 respondents who did not answer all the questions. Four patterns were identified from the LCA results: the "benefit-full type," who perceived all benefits; the "benefit-less type," who perceived few benefits; the "benefit-extroverted type," who perceived social contribution and connection as benefits; and the "benefit-introverted type," who perceived health maintenance and improvement and time utilization as benefits. The multiple regression analysis showed that emotional exhaustion scores were higher for the "benefit-extroverted" and "benefit-less" types than for the "benefit-full" type (b=2.465, P<.001 and b=1.931, P<.001, respectively). No difference was found in the case of the "benefit-introverted" type (b=0.050, P=.851).Conclusion The perceptions of diverse and introverted benefits were associated with lower emotional exhaustion scores among older assistant care workers. Future intervention studies are needed to examine whether obtaining diverse or introverted benefits can decrease the emotional exhaustion score.
目的 本研究旨在阐明老年保健服务设施中工作的老年助理护理人员所感知到的工作益处，并探讨感知到的益处与情绪耗竭之间的关系。
方法 我们分析了日本老年保健服务设施协会于2020年对老年保健服务设施中工作的老年助理护理人员进行的邮件调查数据。在本次调查中，年龄≥60岁的人员被定义为老年助理护理人员。从599家设施中的1606名老年助理护理人员处获得了回复。因变量是日本版倦怠问卷中的情绪耗竭分量表。自变量是作为助理护理人员工作的七个益处：1）我能为社会做贡献；2）我与社会有联系；3）我有生活目标感；4）自从我开始担任助理护理人员以来，我获得了预期的收入；5）我正在学习护理知识；6）它维持并改善了我的健康；7）我能有效地利用我的时间。以这七个益处作为自变量进行潜在类别分析（LCA）。分别以情绪耗竭和感知到的益处作为因变量和自变量进行多元回归分析。缺失值采用多重填补法进行补充。
结果 总体而言，在排除5名未回答所有问题的受访者后，对1601份回复进行了分析。从LCA结果中识别出四种模式：“益处丰富型”，即感知到所有益处的人；“益处较少型”，即感知到很少益处的人；“外向益处型”，即把社会贡献和联系视为益处的人；以及“内向益处型”，即把健康维持和改善以及时间利用视为益处的人。多元回归分析表明，“外向益处型”和“益处较少型”的情绪耗竭得分高于“益处丰富型”（分别为b = 2.465，P <.001和b = 1.931，P <.001）。“内向益处型”的情况未发现差异（b = 0.050，P =.851）。
结论 老年助理护理人员对多样化和内向型益处的感知与较低的情绪耗竭得分相关。未来需要进行干预研究，以检验获得多样化或内向型益处是否能降低情绪耗竭得分。
