Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, United States of America.
Icelandic Center for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik, Iceland.
PLoS One. 2023 May 11;18(5):e0285682. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285682. eCollection 2023.
Preventing nicotine use onset among children and youth is an important public health goal. One possible contributor that has received little empirical investigation is caffeine use. The goal of this study was to examine the possible contribution of caffeine to nicotine onset during early adolescence.
We used data from the Young Mountaineer Health Study Cohort. Survey data were collected from 1,349 (response rate: 80.7%) 6th grade students (mean age at baseline 11.5 years) in 20 middle schools in West Virginia during the fall of 2020 and spring of 2021. We limited our analyses to students reporting never having used any form of nicotine at baseline. Logistic regression was employed in analyses.
Approximately 8% of participants reported having used nicotine at least once between baseline and the follow-up, and 4.7% reported solely using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and no other forms of nicotine. In multivariable analyses, we controlled for many environmental, social, and behavioral variables known to influence nicotine use such as alcohol use, peer substance use, and perceived access to nicotine. We formulated our main independent variable, caffeine consumption, as continuous deciles. Any nicotine use, as well as ENDS use only at follow-up, were modeled as dependent variables. Caffeine was significantly associated with nicotine use in both models with ORs of 1.15 (1.04-1.27) and 1.13 (1.00-1.28).
Caffeine consumption among 6th grade non-nicotine users was associated with nicotine use at approximately 6-months follow-up.
预防儿童和青少年开始使用尼古丁是一个重要的公共卫生目标。有一种可能的因素，虽然受到了很少的实证研究，但它可能是咖啡因的使用。本研究的目的是探讨咖啡因对青少年早期尼古丁使用开始的可能贡献。
我们使用了来自“年轻登山者健康研究队列”的数据。在 2020 年秋季和 2021 年春季，我们从西弗吉尼亚州 20 所中学的 1349 名（回应率：80.7%）六年级学生（基线时的平均年龄为 11.5 岁）中收集了调查数据。我们将分析仅限于在基线时报告从未使用过任何形式尼古丁的学生。分析采用了逻辑回归。
约 8%的参与者报告在基线和随访期间至少使用过一次尼古丁，4.7%的参与者报告仅使用电子尼古丁传送系统（ENDS）且没有使用过其他形式的尼古丁。在多变量分析中，我们控制了许多已知会影响尼古丁使用的环境、社会和行为变量，如酒精使用、同伴物质使用和感知到的尼古丁获取途径。我们将我们的主要自变量咖啡因摄入表示为连续十分位数。任何尼古丁使用以及仅在随访时使用 ENDS 作为因变量。咖啡因与两种模型中的尼古丁使用均显著相关，其比值比（OR）分别为 1.15（1.04-1.27）和 1.13（1.00-1.28）。
在非尼古丁使用者中，六年级学生的咖啡因摄入与大约 6 个月随访时的尼古丁使用相关。
