Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 35, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2023 Sep 1;49(6):375-385. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.4099. Epub 2023 May 11.
This study investigates the associations between the Danish version of a job exposure matrix for COVID-19 (COVID-19-JEM) and Danish register-based SARS-CoV-2 infection information across three waves of the pandemic. The COVID-19-JEM consists of four dimensions on transmission: two on mitigation measures, and two on precarious work characteristics.
The study comprised 2 021 309 persons from the Danish working population between 26 February 2020 and 15 December 2021. Logistic regression models were applied to assess the associations between the JEM dimensions and overall score and SARS-CoV-2 infection across three infection waves, with peaks in March-April 2020, December-January 2021, and February-March 2022. Sex, age, household income, country of birth, wave, residential region and during wave 3 vaccination status were accounted for.
Higher risk scores within the transmission and mitigation dimensions and the overall JEM score resulted in higher odds ratios (OR) of a SARS-CoV-2 infection. OR attenuated across the three waves with ranges of 1.08-5.09 in wave 1, 1.06-1.60 in wave 2, and 1.05-1.45 in those not (fully) vaccinated in wave 3. In wave 3, no associations were found for those fully vaccinated. In all waves, the two precarious work dimensions showed weaker or inversed associations.
The COVID-19-JEM is a promising tool for assessing occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and other airborne infectious agents that mainly spread between people who are in close contact with each other. However, its usefulness depends on applied restrictions and the vaccination status in the population of interest.
本研究调查了丹麦版 COVID-19 工作暴露矩阵（COVID-19-JEM）与丹麦基于登记的 SARS-CoV-2 感染信息在大流行的三个波次之间的关联。COVID-19-JEM 由四个维度的传播组成：两个关于缓解措施，两个关于不稳定工作特征。
该研究包括 2021 年 2 月 26 日至 2021 年 12 月 15 日期间丹麦劳动人口中的 2021309 人。应用逻辑回归模型评估 JEM 维度和总体评分与三个感染波次中 SARS-CoV-2 感染之间的关联，这三个感染波次的高峰分别在 2020 年 3 月至 4 月、2021 年 12 月至 1 月和 2022 年 2 月至 3 月。考虑了性别、年龄、家庭收入、出生国家、波次、居住地区以及在波次 3 中的接种状态。
在传播和缓解维度以及总体 JEM 评分内，较高的风险评分与 SARS-CoV-2 感染的比值比（OR）更高。OR 在三个波次中逐渐减弱，波次 1 的范围为 1.08-5.09，波次 2 的范围为 1.06-1.60，在波次 3 中未（完全）接种疫苗的人群的范围为 1.05-1.45。在波次 3 中，完全接种疫苗的人群没有发现关联。在所有波次中，两个不稳定工作维度显示出较弱或相反的关联。
COVID-19-JEM 是评估 SARS-CoV-2 及其他主要通过密切接触传播的空气传播感染因子职业暴露的一种有前景的工具。然而，其有用性取决于在感兴趣人群中应用的限制和接种状态。
