Rhodes Sarah, Wilkinson Jack, Pearce Neil, Mueller William, Cherrie Mark, Stocking Katie, Gittins Matthew, Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal, Tongeren Martie Van
Centre for Biostatistics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Centre for Biostatistics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2022 Jul 11;76(10):841-6. doi: 10.1136/jech-2022-219101.
Concern remains about how occupational SARS-CoV-2 risk has evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to ascertain occupations with the greatest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and explore how relative differences varied over the pandemic.
Analysis of cohort data from the UK Office of National Statistics COVID-19 Infection Survey from April 2020 to November 2021. This survey is designed to be representative of the UK population and uses regular PCR testing. Cox and multilevel logistic regression were used to compare SARS-CoV-2 infection between occupational/sector groups, overall and by four time periods with interactions, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, region, household size, urban/rural neighbourhood and current health conditions.
Based on 3 910 311 observations (visits) from 312 304 working age adults, elevated risks of infection can be seen overall for social care (HR 1.14; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.24), education (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.39), bus and coach drivers (1.43; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.97) and police and protective services (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.29 to 1.62) when compared with non-essential workers. By time period, relative differences were more pronounced early in the pandemic. For healthcare elevated odds in the early waves switched to a reduction in the later stages. Education saw raises after the initial lockdown and this has persisted. Adjustment for covariates made very little difference to effect estimates.
Elevated risks among healthcare workers have diminished over time but education workers have had persistently higher risks. Long-term mitigation measures in certain workplaces may be warranted.
人们仍在关注在新冠疫情期间职业性感染新冠病毒的风险是如何演变的。我们旨在确定感染新冠病毒风险最高的职业，并探讨在整个疫情期间相对差异是如何变化的。
对英国国家统计局2020年4月至2021年11月的新冠感染调查队列数据进行分析。该调查旨在代表英国人口，并采用定期聚合酶链反应检测。使用Cox模型和多水平逻辑回归来比较职业/部门组之间的新冠病毒感染情况，总体上以及按四个时间段并考虑交互作用进行比较，同时对年龄、性别、种族、贫困程度、地区、家庭规模、城乡邻里关系和当前健康状况进行了调整。
基于312304名工作年龄成年人的3910311次观察（访问），与非必要工作人员相比，社会护理行业（风险比1.14；95%置信区间1.04至1.24）、教育行业（风险比1.31；95%置信区间1.23至1.39）、公交和长途客车司机（1.43；95%置信区间1.03至1.97）以及警察和安保服务行业（风险比1.45；95%置信区间1.29至1.62）总体感染风险较高。按时间段来看，相对差异在疫情早期更为明显。医疗行业在早期疫情高峰时感染几率升高，而在后期阶段则转为下降。教育行业在首次封锁后感染几率上升，且一直持续。对协变量进行调整后，效应估计值变化很小。
医护人员的感染风险随时间降低，但教育工作者的感染风险一直较高。某些工作场所可能需要长期的缓解措施。
