Pontesegger Niklas, Rühmer Thomas, Siegmund Barbara
Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
Research Centre for Fruit Growing & Viticulture Haidegg, Ragnitzstraße 193, A-8047 Graz, Austria.
Foods. 2023 May 2;12(9):1876. doi: 10.3390/foods12091876.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of various storage conditions (i.e., storage under regular air with temperature control, controlled atmosphere storage and storage after the application of the ethylene blocker (1-MCP)) on the flavor characteristics of Crimson Crisp apples ( Borkh.), a scab-resistant cultivar suitable for organic agriculture. Highly ripe organically-grown apples (starch degradation 9.7) were stored under different conditions and evaluated for physicochemical attributes such as fruit weight, firmness, juiciness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH value and aroma profile. The analysis of primary and secondary aroma compounds was conducted utilizing HS-SPME-GCMS and the results were integrated with sensory evaluation. Crimson Crisp apples stored under controlled atmosphere with (MCP) or without (CA) application of 1-MCP, had a higher overall quality than those stored in air (RA) after a storage period of six months. The results from sensory analysis indicated that storage with temperature control alone was not suitable for preserving the distinct properties such as crispness or juiciness of Crimson Crisp apples. However, a significant increase particularly in secondary aroma compounds in RA-stored apples was found accompanied by structural disorders of the apple tissue. While a significant decline in the volatile fraction of CA and MCP-stored apples was observed, PCA showed close correlation between the CA stored and the fresh apple samples. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that the applied measures which are taken to prolong the storage time of Crimson Crisp apples, significantly impact the biochemical reactions in the fruits which are responsible for formation of flavor. These findings underscore the significance of comprehensive aroma analysis for new agricultural products and emphasize the potential for improved the quality of organic apples through carefully considered harvest and storage regimes.
本研究的目的是确定各种储存条件(即在有温度控制的普通空气中储存、气调储存以及施用乙烯阻断剂(1-甲基环丙烯,1-MCP)后储存)对深红脆苹果(Borkh.)风味特征的影响,深红脆苹果是一种适合有机农业的抗疮痂病品种。将高度成熟的有机种植苹果(淀粉降解率9.7)在不同条件下储存,并对果实重量、硬度、多汁性、总可溶性固形物、可滴定酸度、pH值和香气特征等理化属性进行评估。利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用仪(HS-SPME-GCMS)对主要和次要香气化合物进行分析,并将结果与感官评价相结合。在六个月的储存期后,在有(MCP)或无(CA)1-MCP的气调条件下储存的深红脆苹果,总体品质高于在空气中(RA)储存的苹果。感官分析结果表明,仅进行温度控制的储存方式并不适合保持深红脆苹果的脆度或多汁性等独特特性。然而,发现RA储存苹果中的次要香气化合物显著增加,同时苹果组织出现结构紊乱。虽然观察到CA和MCP储存苹果的挥发性成分显著下降,但主成分分析(PCA)显示CA储存苹果与新鲜苹果样品之间存在密切相关性。此外,这些结果表明,为延长深红脆苹果储存时间而采取的措施,会显著影响果实中负责风味形成的生化反应。这些发现强调了对新型农产品进行全面香气分析的重要性,并强调了通过精心考虑收获和储存方式来提高有机苹果品质的潜力。