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小麦遗传研究提高氮素利用效率的当前进展与未来展望

Current Progress and Future Prospect of Wheat Genetics Research towards an Enhanced Nitrogen Use Efficiency.

作者信息

Zhao Yun, Islam Shahidul, Alhabbar Zaid, Zhang Jingjuan, O'Hara Graham, Anwar Masood, Ma Wujun

机构信息

Food Futures Institute & College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia.

Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Shijiazhuang 050035, China.

出版信息

Plants (Basel). 2023 Apr 25;12(9):1753. doi: 10.3390/plants12091753.

Abstract

To improve the yield and quality of wheat is of great importance for food security worldwide. One of the most effective and significant approaches to achieve this goal is to enhance the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in wheat. In this review, a comprehensive understanding of the factors involved in the process of the wheat nitrogen uptake, assimilation and remobilization of nitrogen in wheat were introduced. An appropriate definition of NUE is vital prior to its precise evaluation for the following gene identification and breeding process. Apart from grain yield (GY) and grain protein content (GPC), the commonly recognized major indicators of NUE, grain protein deviation (GPD) could also be considered as a potential trait for NUE evaluation. As a complex quantitative trait, NUE is affected by transporter proteins, kinases, transcription factors (TFs) and micro RNAs (miRNAs), which participate in the nitrogen uptake process, as well as key enzymes, circadian regulators, cross-talks between carbon metabolism, which are associated with nitrogen assimilation and remobilization. A series of quantitative genetic loci (QTLs) and linking markers were compiled in the hope to help discover more efficient and useful genetic resources for breeding program. For future NUE improvement, an exploration for other criteria during selection process that incorporates morphological, physiological and biochemical traits is needed. Applying new technologies from phenomics will allow high-throughput NUE phenotyping and accelerate the breeding process. A combination of multi-omics techniques and the previously verified QTLs and molecular markers will facilitate the NUE QTL-mapping and novel gene identification.

摘要

提高小麦产量和品质对全球粮食安全至关重要。实现这一目标最有效且重要的方法之一是提高小麦的氮素利用效率(NUE)。在本综述中,介绍了对小麦氮素吸收、同化和再转运过程中涉及的因素的全面理解。在对NUE进行精确评估以用于后续基因鉴定和育种过程之前,对其进行恰当定义至关重要。除了作为NUE普遍认可的主要指标的籽粒产量(GY)和籽粒蛋白质含量(GPC)外,籽粒蛋白质偏差(GPD)也可被视为NUE评估的一个潜在性状。作为一个复杂的数量性状,NUE受参与氮素吸收过程的转运蛋白、激酶、转录因子(TFs)和微小RNA(miRNAs)影响,以及与氮素同化和再转运相关的关键酶、昼夜节律调节因子、碳代谢之间的相互作用影响。一系列数量遗传位点(QTLs)和连锁标记被整理出来,希望有助于为育种计划发现更高效有用的遗传资源。为了未来提高NUE,在选择过程中需要探索纳入形态、生理和生化性状的其他标准。应用表型组学的新技术将实现高通量NUE表型分析并加速育种进程。多组学技术与先前验证的QTLs和分子标记相结合将有助于NUE QTL定位和新基因鉴定。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a896/10180859/a0aaa8ddb3af/plants-12-01753-g001.jpg

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