Li Huaxing, Li Rongjie, Liu Gang, Zhai Maolin, Yu Jiaguo
CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
Adv Mater. 2024 May;36(22):e2301307. doi: 10.1002/adma.202301307. Epub 2023 May 28.
Artificial photosynthesis enables direct solar-to-chemical energy conversion aimed at mitigating environmental pollution and producing solar fuels and chemicals in a green and sustainable approach, and efficient, robust, and low-cost photocatalysts are the heart of artificial photosynthesis systems. As an emerging new class of cocatalytic materials, single-atom catalysts (SACs) and dual-atom catalysts (DACs) have received a great deal of current attention due to their maximal atom utilization and unique photocatalytic properties, whereas noble-metal-free ones impart abundance, availability, and cost-effectiveness allowing for scalable implementation. This review outlines the fundamental principles and synthetic methods of SACs and DACs and summarizes the most recent advances in SACs (Co, Fe, Cu, Ni, Bi, Al, Sn, Er, La, Ba, etc.) and DACs (CuNi, FeCo, InCu, KNa, CoCo, CuCu, etc.) based on non-noble metals, confined on an arsenal of organic or inorganic substrates (polymeric carbon nitride, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal-organic frameworks, carbon, etc.) acting as versatile scaffolds in solar-light-driven photocatalytic reactions, including hydrogen evolution, carbon dioxide reduction, methane conversion, organic synthesis, nitrogen fixation, hydrogen peroxide production, and environmental remediation. The review concludes with the challenges, opportunities, and future prospects of noble-metal-free SACs and DACs for artificial photosynthesis.
人工光合作用能够实现太阳能到化学能的直接转化，旨在减轻环境污染，并以绿色可持续的方式生产太阳能燃料和化学品，而高效、稳定且低成本的光催化剂是人工光合作用系统的核心。作为一类新兴的助催化材料，单原子催化剂（SACs）和双原子催化剂（DACs）因其最大的原子利用率和独特的光催化性能而受到广泛关注，而不含贵金属的催化剂具有丰富性、可得性和成本效益，有利于规模化应用。本文综述了SACs和DACs的基本原理和合成方法，并总结了基于非贵金属的SACs（Co、Fe、Cu、Ni、Bi、Al、Sn、Er、La、Ba等）和DACs（CuNi、FeCo、InCu、KNa、CoCo、CuCu等）的最新进展，这些催化剂负载于一系列有机或无机基底（聚合氮化碳、金属氧化物、金属硫化物、金属有机框架、碳等）上，在太阳光驱动的光催化反应中作为通用支架，包括析氢、二氧化碳还原、甲烷转化、有机合成、固氮、过氧化氢生产和环境修复。本文最后总结了不含贵金属的SACs和DACs在人工光合作用方面面临的挑战、机遇和未来前景。
