University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), 38000, Grenoble, France.
University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), 38000, Grenoble, France; Pediatric Department, Grenoble University Hospital, 38700, La Tronche, France.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Aug 1;330:121794. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121794. Epub 2023 May 11.
Exposure to phthalates and synthetic phenols is ubiquitous. Some of them are suspected to impact child respiratory health, although evidence still remains insufficient. This study investigated the associations between prenatal exposure to phthalates and phenols, individually and as a mixture, and child respiratory health assessed by objective lung function measures since 2 months of age. Among 479 mother-child pairs from the SEPAGES cohort, 12 phenols, 13 phthalate and 2 non-phthalate plasticizer metabolites were measured in 2 pools including each 21 urine samples collected at the 2nd and 3rd pregnancy trimesters. Lung function was measured at 2 months using tidal breathing flow-volume loops and nitrogen multiple-breath washout, and at 3 years using oscillometry. Asthma, wheezing, bronchitis and bronchiolitis were assessed by repeated questionnaires. A cluster-based analysis was applied to identify exposure patterns to phenols and phthalates. Adjusted associations between clusters as well as each individual exposure biomarker and child respiratory health were estimated by regression models. We identified four prenatal exposure patterns: 1) low concentrations of all biomarkers (reference, n = 106), 2) low phenols-moderate phthalates (n = 162), 3) high concentrations of all biomarkers except bisphenol S (n = 109), 4) high parabens-moderate other phenols-low phthalates (n = 102). At 2 months, cluster 2 infants had lower functional residual capacity and tidal volume and higher ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time (t/t) and cluster 3 had lower lung clearance index and higher t/t. Clusters were not associated with respiratory health at 3 years but in the single-pollutant models, parabens were associated with increased area of the reactance curve, bronchitis (methyl, ethyl parabens) and bronchiolitis (propyl paraben). Our results suggested that prenatal exposure to mixtures of phthalates reduced lung volume in early life. Single exposure analyses suggested associations of parabens with impaired lung function and increased risk of respiratory diseases.
邻苯二甲酸酯和合成酚类物质的暴露是普遍存在的。其中一些被怀疑会影响儿童的呼吸健康，尽管证据仍然不足。本研究调查了产前暴露于邻苯二甲酸酯和酚类物质，以及作为混合物的暴露，与从 2 个月大开始使用客观肺功能测量评估的儿童呼吸健康之间的关联。在 SEPAGES 队列的 479 对母婴对中，在 2 个妊娠中期（第 2 和第 3 个妊娠 trimester）收集的每个 21 个尿液样本的 2 个池中测量了 12 种酚类物质、13 种邻苯二甲酸酯和 2 种非邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂代谢物。在 2 个月时使用潮气呼吸流量-容积环和氮多次呼吸冲洗法测量肺功能，并在 3 岁时使用振荡法测量。通过重复问卷调查评估哮喘、喘息、支气管炎和细支气管炎。应用基于聚类的分析方法识别酚类物质和邻苯二甲酸酯的暴露模式。通过回归模型估计了聚类之间以及每个单独的暴露生物标志物与儿童呼吸健康之间的调整关联。我们确定了四种产前暴露模式：1）所有生物标志物浓度低（参考，n=106）；2）低酚类-中浓度邻苯二甲酸酯（n=162）；3）除双酚 S 外，所有生物标志物浓度高（n=109）；4）高对羟基苯甲酸酯-中浓度其他酚类物质-低邻苯二甲酸酯（n=102）。在 2 个月时，第 2 组婴儿的功能残气量和潮气量较低，达峰时间与呼气时间之比（t/t）较高，第 3 组婴儿的肺清除指数较低，t/t 较高。聚类在 3 岁时与呼吸道健康无关，但在单污染物模型中，对羟基苯甲酸酯与反应曲线面积增加、支气管炎（甲基、乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯）和细支气管炎（丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯）有关。我们的结果表明，产前暴露于邻苯二甲酸酯混合物会降低儿童早期的肺容量。单一暴露分析表明，对羟基苯甲酸酯与肺功能受损和呼吸道疾病风险增加有关。
