Sequoia Foundation, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 12;18(4):1796. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041796.
Exposures to phthalates, parabens, and other phenols are often correlated due to their ubiquitous use in personal care products and plastics. Examining these compounds as a complex mixture may clarify inconsistent relationships between individual chemicals and childhood adiposity. Using data from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study, a longitudinal cohort of children in Salinas Valley, California ( = 309), we examined biomarkers of 11 phthalate metabolites and 9 phenols, including several parabens and bisphenol A, measured in maternal urine at two time points during pregnancy. We measured child height and weight at age five to calculate the body mass index (BMI) -scores and overweight/obesity status. The association between prenatal urinary concentrations of biomarkers with the childhood BMI -score and overweight/obesity status was analyzed using single-pollutant models and two mixture methods: Bayesian hierarchical modeling (BMH) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). Urinary concentrations of monoethyl phthalate, monocarboxy-isononly phthalate (metabolites of diethyl phthalate and di-isodecyl phthalate, respectively), and propylparaben were consistently associated with an increased BMI -score and overweight/obesity status across all modeling approaches. Higher prenatal exposures to the cumulative biomarker mixture also trended with greater childhood adiposity. These results, robust across two methods that control for co-pollutant confounding, suggest that prenatal exposure to certain phthalates and parabens may increase the risk for obesity in early childhood.
由于邻苯二甲酸酯、对羟基苯甲酸酯和其他酚类化合物广泛应用于个人护理产品和塑料中，因此它们的暴露通常是相关的。将这些化合物作为一种复杂混合物进行研究，可能会澄清个别化学物质与儿童肥胖之间不一致的关系。利用加利福尼亚州萨利纳斯谷中心母婴健康评估研究（CHAMACOS）的纵向队列中 309 名儿童的数据，我们研究了 11 种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物和 9 种酚类化合物的生物标志物，包括一些对羟基苯甲酸酯和双酚 A，这些物质在妊娠期间两次从母亲尿液中测量。我们在五岁时测量儿童的身高和体重，以计算体重指数（BMI）评分和超重/肥胖状况。使用单污染物模型和两种混合物方法（贝叶斯分层模型（BMH）和贝叶斯核机器回归（BKMR））分析产前尿液中生物标志物浓度与儿童 BMI 评分和超重/肥胖状况之间的关联。单乙基邻苯二甲酸酯、单羧基异壬基邻苯二甲酸酯（分别为邻苯二甲酸二乙酯和邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯的代谢物）和丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯的尿液浓度在所有建模方法中均与 BMI 评分和超重/肥胖状况的增加一致相关。产前对累积生物标志物混合物的暴露水平较高也与儿童肥胖呈正相关趋势。这些结果在两种控制共污染物混杂的方法中是稳健的，表明产前暴露于某些邻苯二甲酸酯和对羟基苯甲酸酯可能会增加儿童早期肥胖的风险。
