tRNA 修饰：对其在人类癌症中作用的认识。

tRNA modifications: insights into their role in human cancers.

机构信息

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

出版信息

Trends Cell Biol. 2023 Dec;33(12):1035-1048. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.04.002. Epub 2023 May 12.

DOI:10.1016/j.tcb.2023.04.002

PMID:37179136

Abstract

Transfer RNA (tRNA) plays a central role in translation by functioning as a biological link between messenger RNA (mRNA) and proteins. One prominent feature of the tRNA molecule is its heavily modified status, which greatly affects its biogenesis and function. Modifications within the anticodon loop are crucial for translation efficiency and accuracy, whereas other modifications in the body region affect tRNA structure and stability. Recent research has revealed that these diverse modifications are critical regulators of gene expression. They are involved in many important physiological and pathological processes, including cancers. In this review we focus on six different tRNA modifications to delineate their functions and mechanisms in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, providing insights into their clinical potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

摘要

转移 RNA（tRNA）在翻译中起着核心作用，它作为信使 RNA（mRNA）和蛋白质之间的生物学连接。tRNA 分子的一个突出特点是其高度修饰的状态，这极大地影响了它的生物发生和功能。反密码子环内的修饰对于翻译效率和准确性至关重要，而在主体区域的其他修饰则影响 tRNA 的结构和稳定性。最近的研究表明，这些不同的修饰是基因表达的关键调节剂。它们参与许多重要的生理和病理过程，包括癌症。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了六种不同的 tRNA 修饰，以阐明它们在肿瘤发生和肿瘤进展中的功能和机制，为它们作为生物标志物和治疗靶点的临床潜力提供了新的见解。