Pol Segura Isabel, Ranjbar Navid, Juul Damø Anne, Skaarup Jensen Lars, Canut Mariana, Arendt Jensen Peter
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. 2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. 2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
Heliyon. 2023 Apr 25;9(5):e15718. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15718. eCollection 2023 May.
A growing interest in alternative cements has emerged with the sole purpose of reducing the environmental footprint associated with cement production. One of the promising alternatives is to use non-carbonate materials such as alkali-activated materials. They have demonstrated to have a similar performance as traditional Portland cement and have the potential to significantly reduce CO emissions. This paper reviews the main relevant technologies that are already available in the construction industry and explains how to consider them for alkali-activated cement and concrete production. This includes aluminosilicate pre-treatment methods (drying, grinding, and calcining) to increase the precursor's reactivity and degree of amorphization, alkali activation by two-part or one-part mix, as well as, mixing and casting fresh alkali-activated concrete ensuring low porosity and adequate strength development. This review also presents an overview of the alkali-activated cements market, providing examples of commercialized products, estimating related CO and costs, as well as future considerations for standardization and commercialization. Most of the commercialized alkali-activated materials are two-part mixes despite their limitations for in-situ applications. CO emissions can be reduced by more than 68% when compared to Portland cements. However, they have been estimated to be 2 to 3 times more expensive and the cost is primarily dependent on the aluminosilicate and alkali activators source.
人们对替代水泥的兴趣日益浓厚，其唯一目的是减少与水泥生产相关的环境足迹。一种有前景的替代方案是使用非碳酸盐材料，如碱激活材料。它们已被证明具有与传统波特兰水泥相似的性能，并且有潜力显著减少二氧化碳排放。本文回顾了建筑行业中已有的主要相关技术，并解释了如何在碱激活水泥和混凝土生产中考虑这些技术。这包括用于提高前驱体反应性和非晶化程度的铝硅酸盐预处理方法（干燥、研磨和煅烧）、通过双组分或单组分混合物进行碱激活，以及确保低孔隙率和充分强度发展的新鲜碱激活混凝土的搅拌和浇筑。本综述还概述了碱激活水泥市场，提供了商业化产品的示例，估计了相关的二氧化碳排放量和成本，以及标准化和商业化的未来考虑因素。尽管大多数商业化的碱激活材料在现场应用方面存在局限性，但它们都是双组分混合物。与波特兰水泥相比，二氧化碳排放量可减少68%以上。然而，据估计它们的成本要高出2至3倍，而且成本主要取决于铝硅酸盐和碱激活剂的来源。
