Shahbazi Reza, Shahbazi Feizollah
Department of Biosystems Engineering Lorestan University Khoram Abad Iran.
Food Sci Nutr. 2022 Nov 14;11(5):2243-2253. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3137. eCollection 2023 May.
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the cushion box and closed let-down ladder usage in minimizing mechanical damage to corn kernels during free fall. Kernels from a single lot of cultivar KSC 705 were evaluated for percentage of breakage using three drop methods (free fall, with cushion box, and with closed let-down ladder) at five different moisture contents (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%), and three drop heights (5, 10, and 15 m). The results showed that the drop methods had a significant effect on the breakage sensibility of kernels. Sample kernels dropped without a ladder (free fall) had a significantly higher average percentage breakage of 13.80%. In the use of the cushion box, the average kernel breakage was calculated to be 11.41%, which was decreased by about 17% more than the free fall. Sample kernels dropped with the closed let-down ladder had a lower average breakage of 7.26%, which showed that the closed let-down ladder significantly helped to reduce mechanical damage to corn kernels by about 47% comparing free fall and by about 37% than the use of the cushion box. The amounts of kernel damage increased significantly with increasing drop height and decreasing moisture content, but the use of the cushion box and closed let-down ladder systems somewhat reduced the adverse effect of the above factors. To minimize mechanical damage to kernels as they fall into the bin, a grain let-down ladder should be installed in the bin so that it can receive kernels from the filling spout with minimum damage. Empirical models were developed for the dependency of damage to corn kernels due to the impact caused by free fall on the drop height and moisture content at different drop methods.
本研究的主要目的是评估使用缓冲箱和封闭式卸料梯在玉米籽粒自由下落过程中对其机械损伤的最小化效果。使用来自单一品种KSC 705的籽粒，在五种不同水分含量（10%、15%、20%、25%和30%）以及三个下落高度（5米、10米和15米）下，通过三种下落方法（自由下落、使用缓冲箱和使用封闭式卸料梯）评估籽粒的破损率。结果表明，下落方法对籽粒的破损敏感性有显著影响。未使用梯子自由下落的籽粒样本平均破损率显著更高，为13.80%。使用缓冲箱时，籽粒平均破损率计算为11.41%，比自由下落减少了约17%。使用封闭式卸料梯下落的籽粒样本平均破损率较低，为7.26%，这表明与自由下落相比，封闭式卸料梯显著有助于减少对玉米籽粒的机械损伤约47%，比使用缓冲箱减少约37%。籽粒损伤量随着下落高度的增加和水分含量的降低而显著增加，但使用缓冲箱和封闭式卸料梯系统在一定程度上降低了上述因素的不利影响。为了使籽粒落入料仓时的机械损伤最小化，应在料仓中安装谷物卸料梯，以便它能以最小的损伤接收来自装料口的籽粒。针对不同下落方法下自由下落造成的冲击对玉米籽粒损伤与下落高度和水分含量的相关性建立了经验模型。
