Suárez Daniel, Arribas Paula, Macías-Hernández Nuria, Emerson Brent C
Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38206, Spain.
School of Doctoral and Postgraduate Studies, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38200, Spain.
R Soc Open Sci. 2023 May 10;10(5):230051. doi: 10.1098/rsos.230051. eCollection 2023 May.
The relationship between species local abundance and their regional distribution (occupancy) is one of the most extensively recognized and investigated patterns in ecology. While exceptions exist, the generally held model is that locally abundant species also tend to be more widespread geographically. However, there is only a limited understanding of both the mechanisms driving this relationship, and their scale dependency. Here we use occupancy and abundance data for 123 species of spider from across the Canary Islands to understand how both dispersal ability and niche breadth might mediate variation among species for local abundance and occupancy. We test the predictions that (i) dispersal ability explains variation among species for both abundance and occupancy, and (ii) species with a higher degree of habitat specialization, reflecting more limited niche breadth, will have both higher occupancy and abundance. We find no evidence within habitat patches for an effect of dispersal ability on either local abundance or site occupancy, while across all patches species with higher dispersal ability tend to occupy more sites. Species largely restricted to laurel forests have higher abundance than species with broader niche breadth, but similar occupancy. The study revealed that dispersal ability and niche breadth were significant predictors of the abundance-occupancy relationship, highlighting the importance of both factors for understanding patterns of abundance and occupancy among spider species.
物种的局域丰度与其区域分布（占有率）之间的关系是生态学中最广为人知且研究最多的模式之一。尽管存在例外情况，但普遍的模型是局域丰富的物种在地理上也往往分布更广。然而，对于驱动这种关系的机制及其尺度依赖性，人们的了解都很有限。在这里，我们使用来自加那利群岛各地的123种蜘蛛的占有率和丰度数据，来了解扩散能力和生态位宽度如何可能介导物种在局域丰度和占有率上的差异。我们检验以下预测：（i）扩散能力解释了物种在丰度和占有率上的差异，以及（ii）栖息地专业化程度较高、反映生态位宽度更有限的物种，其占有率和丰度都将更高。我们发现在栖息地斑块内没有证据表明扩散能力对局域丰度或位点占有率有影响，而在所有斑块中，扩散能力较强的物种往往占据更多的位点。主要局限于月桂森林的物种比生态位宽度更广的物种丰度更高，但占有率相似。该研究表明，扩散能力和生态位宽度是丰度 - 占有率关系的重要预测因子，突出了这两个因素对于理解蜘蛛物种丰度和占有率模式的重要性。
