Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/ahramsook.
Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2023 Aug;282:111442. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111442. Epub 2023 May 13.
Studies of animal physiology not only provide valuable knowledge for the species in question, but also offer insights into human physiology. This thought is best highlighted by the 'Krogh Principle', which states "for many problems there is an animal on which it can be most conveniently studied". This graphical review focuses on three distinct stages of the oxygen transport cascade in which human exercise physiology knowledge has been enhanced by studies carried out in animal models. We begin by exploring ventilation, and the detrimental effects of cold, dry air on the airways in two sets of elite athletes, the cross-country skier and the racing sled dog. We then discuss the transport of oxygen via hemoglobin in humans and deer mice with relatively shifted oxygen dissociation curves. Finally, we consider the technical difficulties of measuring respiratory muscle blood flow in exercising humans and how an equine model can provide an understanding of the distribution of blood flow during exercise. These cases illustrate the complementary nature of physiological studies across species.
动物生理学的研究不仅为所研究的物种提供了有价值的知识，也为人类生理学提供了深入的了解。这一思想最好地体现在“克罗格原理”中，该原理指出“对于许多问题，有一种动物可以最方便地对其进行研究”。本图形综述重点关注氧气运输级联的三个不同阶段，在这些阶段中，通过在动物模型中进行的研究，人类运动生理学知识得到了增强。我们首先探讨了通气，以及在两组精英运动员——越野滑雪者和竞速雪橇犬中，寒冷干燥空气对气道的有害影响。然后，我们讨论了人类和鹿鼠血红蛋白中氧气的运输，以及相对偏移的氧离解曲线。最后，我们考虑了在运动中的人类测量呼吸肌血流的技术困难，以及马模型如何提供对运动期间血流分布的理解。这些案例说明了跨物种生理学研究的互补性质。
