Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University.
Genetics. 2023 Jul 6;224(3). doi: 10.1093/genetics/iyad067.
A striking characteristic of the molecular techniques of genetics is that they are derived from natural occurring systems. RNA interference, for example, utilizes a mechanism that evolved in eukaryotes to destroy foreign nucleic acid. Other case studies I highlight are restriction enzymes, DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction, gene targeting, fluorescent proteins (such as, green fluorescent protein), induced pluripotent stem cells, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated 9. The natural systems' strategy for technique development means that biologists utilize the activity of a mechanism's effector (protein or RNA) and exploit biological specificity (protein or nucleic acid can cause precise reactions). I also argue that the developmental trajectory of novel molecular techniques, such as RNA interference, has 4 characteristic phases. The first phase is discovery of a biological phenomenon. The second phase is identification of the biological mechanism's trigger(s): the effector and biological specificity. The third phase is the application of the trigger(s) as a technique. The final phase is the maturation and refinement of the technique. Developing new molecular techniques from nature is crucial for future genetic research.
遗传学分子技术的一个显著特点是，它们源自自然发生的系统。例如，RNA 干扰利用了真核生物进化而来的一种机制来破坏外来核酸。我强调的其他案例研究包括限制酶、DNA 测序、聚合酶链式反应、基因靶向、荧光蛋白（如绿色荧光蛋白）、诱导多能干细胞和成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列-CRISPR 相关 9。技术开发的自然系统策略意味着生物学家利用机制效应物（蛋白质或 RNA）的活性，并利用生物特异性（蛋白质或核酸可以引起精确的反应）。我还认为，新型分子技术（如 RNA 干扰）的发展轨迹具有 4 个特征阶段。第一阶段是发现生物学现象。第二阶段是确定生物机制的触发因素：效应物和生物特异性。第三阶段是将触发因素（效应物和生物特异性）应用于技术。最后一个阶段是技术的成熟和完善。从自然界中开发新的分子技术对于未来的遗传研究至关重要。
