Špačková M, Fabiánová K, Orlíková H, Košťálová J
Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 2023 Winter;72(1):9-18.
Q fever is a zoonosis with a worldwide occurrence. Coxiella burnetii infection is most commonly transmitted by inhalation of air containing contaminated dust in cow, sheep and goat farming areas. The other modes of transmission are alimentary route (ingestion) and through sucking ticks. We set ourselves the goal of presenting a descriptive analysis of cases of Q fever in the Czech Republic (CZ) and former Czechoslovakia and draw attention to this often-overlooked issue.
Summary of available information about Q fever was processed, and a narrative search of published cases of Q fever in the CZ and former Czechoslovakia, in Czech, Slovak and English, without time restrictions was performed. Furthermore, a descriptive analysis of Q fever cases reported to the Czech infectious diseases reporting system in 1982-2021 was done. After analysis, the available information system data were supplemented with data from a search of published scientific literature and weekly reports on the current epidemiological situation of the public health protection authorities of the CZ.
The disease has been reported in former Czechoslovakia and then in CZ since 1952. In 1952-1954, six outbreaks were reported with a total of 150 cases, mostly in connection with work with cattle. In 1980, a large-scale outbreak of Q fever affected 526 employees of the cotton production plant at Staré Město near Uherské Hradiště. Otherwise, units to dozens of cases were reported. From 1993 to 2021, 27 cases of the disease were detected in the CZ, of which 22 (81.5%) occurred in men. The age range was 0-60 years (mean 31, median 30 years). Seasonality by reporting month was highest in January and September.
There has been a decline in human cases of Q fever in the European Union (EU) in recent years, and only few cases of the disease occur in the CZ. Still, due to potential severity of the disease, the current climate change with the consequent increase in the spread of ticks as vectors of Coxiella, and animal movements associated with the global market, it is important to consider Q fever in the differential diagnosis. As part of the prevention, it is necessary to ensure compliance with basic hygiene rules, especially in at-risk occupations, and to consume only pasteurized dairy products. Vaccination of humans is not available in EU countries, although vaccination of livestock is possible.
Q热是一种在全球范围内发生的人畜共患病。伯氏考克斯体感染最常见的传播途径是吸入牛羊养殖地区含有受污染灰尘的空气。其他传播方式包括消化道途径（摄入）和通过蜱虫叮咬。我们给自己设定了一个目标，即对捷克共和国（CZ）和前捷克斯洛伐克的Q热病例进行描述性分析，并提请人们关注这个经常被忽视的问题。
对有关Q热的现有信息进行了汇总，并对捷克共和国和前捷克斯洛伐克已发表的Q热病例进行了不限时间的叙述性检索，检索语言为捷克语、斯洛伐克语和英语。此外，对1982 - 2021年向捷克传染病报告系统报告的Q热病例进行了描述性分析。分析后，利用已发表科学文献的检索数据以及捷克公共卫生保护当局关于当前流行病学情况的周报数据，对现有信息系统数据进行了补充。
自1952年起在前捷克斯洛伐克，随后在捷克共和国报告了该病。1952 - 1954年，报告了6起疫情，共150例病例，大多与接触牛有关。1980年，一场大规模的Q热疫情影响了乌赫尔什凯赫拉迪什附近斯塔雷梅斯托的棉花生产厂的526名员工。此外，还报告了数十例病例。1993年至2021年，捷克共和国共检测到27例该病病例，其中22例（81.5%）发生在男性身上。年龄范围为0 - 60岁（平均31岁，中位数30岁）。按报告月份统计的季节性在1月和9月最高。
近年来欧盟（EU）的人类Q热病例有所下降，捷克共和国仅有少数病例发生。然而，由于该病可能的严重性、当前气候变化导致作为伯氏考克斯体传播媒介的蜱虫传播增加以及与全球市场相关的动物流动，在鉴别诊断中考虑Q热很重要。作为预防措施的一部分，有必要确保遵守基本卫生规则，特别是在高危职业中，并仅食用巴氏杀菌乳制品。欧盟国家没有人类疫苗，但家畜疫苗接种是可行的。
