Literák I, Rehácek J
University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Brno, Czech Republic.
Vet Med (Praha). 1996 Feb;41(2):45-63.
The paper summarizes the most important knowledge of Q fever and its causative agent Coxiella burnetti since the first descriptions of nosologic unit and causative agent until now. With respect to disease occurrence, distribution and importance the attention is focused on the territory of the former Czechoslovakia, i.e. currently on the territories of the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic. Taking into account normal occurrence of C. burnetii in cows which is however shown in latent form only, taking into account that no cases of human clinical infections related to these latent infections in cattle have been reported at present either in the territory of the Czch Republic or of the Slovak Republic, and considering that the results of experimental infections in sheep by the autochthonous strain of C. burnetii did not reveal its virulence, it can be stated that the strains of C. burnetti currently circulating on cattle farms are little virulent or even avirulent. This decrease in virulence can be ascribed to repeated subcultures of C. burnetti strains in cattle populations excluding ticks from this circulation. Q fever prevention should currently include measures to avoid in the territories of the Czech and Slovak Republics uncontrolled imports of infected animals and/or contaminated raw materials from animal or plant sources to introduce foreign fully virulent strains that can cause clinical infections both in humans and in domestic animals.
本文总结了自首次描述Q热及其病原体伯纳特柯克斯体以来，直至目前关于Q热及其病原体的最重要知识。关于疾病的发生、分布和重要性，重点关注前捷克斯洛伐克的领土，即目前的捷克共和国和斯洛伐克共和国的领土。考虑到伯纳特柯克斯体在奶牛中通常以潜伏形式存在，考虑到目前在捷克共和国或斯洛伐克共和国境内均未报告与牛的这些潜伏感染相关的人类临床感染病例，并且考虑到用伯纳特柯克斯体本地菌株对绵羊进行实验性感染的结果未显示出其毒力，可以说目前在养牛场中传播的伯纳特柯克斯体菌株毒力很低甚至无毒力。这种毒力的降低可归因于伯纳特柯克斯体菌株在牛群中反复传代培养，使蜱虫不再参与这种传播循环。目前，Q热的预防措施应包括在捷克和斯洛伐克共和国境内避免无控制地进口受感染动物和/或来自动植物源的受污染原材料，以防止引入可能导致人类和家畜临床感染的具有完全毒力的外来菌株。
