Department of Chemistry, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, P.O. Box 20, Ma'an, Jordan.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2023 Jun;141:105409. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105409. Epub 2023 May 13.
This work aimed to determine the levels of toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) and their risks in children's multivitamin-multimineral (CMVM) supplements. An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) was used to quantify the studied elements. The mean concentrations and ranges (μg/kg) of the toxic elements in the CMVM products were as follows: As (32.4, 5.3-90); Cd (58.2, 6-129); Hg (42.2, 6-108); and Pb (231,8.6-541). The estimated oral daily intakes (EODI) were determined to be in the range of 0.01-0.31 μg/day, 0.01-0.64 μg/day, 0.02-0.53 μg/day, and 0.01-2.36μg/day for As, Cd, Hg, and Pb, respectively. All the EODI values were below the tolerable intake limits set for each element. The chronic non-cancer risks associated with oral exposure to studied elements were evaluated using the target hazard quotient (THQ) and the hazard index (HI). The THQ and HI values were below 1, indicating that these products were safe for consumption by children. The potential cancer risks associated with exposure to As and Pb through the consumption of CMVM products were determined using the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) and the total cancer risks (TCR). The ILCR and TCR values were below the threshold value of 1 × 10, indicating that the risk of developing cancer was very low and ignorable.
本研究旨在测定儿童多种维生素-矿物质（CMVM）补充剂中有毒元素（砷、镉、汞和铅）的水平及其风险。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）定量分析研究元素。CMVM 产品中有毒元素的平均浓度和范围（μg/kg）如下：砷（32.4，5.3-90）；镉（58.2，6-129）；汞（42.2，6-108）；铅（231，8.6-541）。估计的口服日摄入量（EODI）分别为 0.01-0.31μg/天、0.01-0.64μg/天、0.02-0.53μg/天和 0.01-2.36μg/天，分别为砷、镉、汞和铅。所有 EODI 值均低于为每种元素设定的可耐受摄入量限值。通过目标危害系数（THQ）和危害指数（HI）评估经口接触研究元素引起的慢性非癌症风险。THQ 和 HI 值均低于 1，表明这些产品供儿童食用是安全的。通过摄入 CMVM 产品评估砷和铅暴露引起的潜在癌症风险，采用增量终生癌症风险（ILCR）和总癌症风险（TCR）。ILCR 和 TCR 值均低于 1×10 的阈值，表明患癌症的风险非常低，可以忽略不计。
