Zhao Jianan, Zhang Binbin, Meng Wanting, Hu Jing
Department of Nephropathy, The Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2023 Apr 28;11:1177303. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1177303. eCollection 2023.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovitis and the destruction of bones and joints. Exosomes are nanoscale lipid membrane vesicles originating from multivesicular bodies and are used as a vital means of intercellular communication. Both exosomes and the microbial community are essential in RA pathogenesis. Multiple types of exosomes from different origins have been demonstrated to have effects on various immune cells through distinct mechanisms in RA, which depend on the specific cargo carried by the exosomes. Tens of thousands of microorganisms exist in the human intestinal system. Microorganisms exert various physiological and pathological effects on the host directly or through their metabolites. Gut microbe-derived exosomes are being studied in the field of liver disease; however, information on their role in the context of RA is still limited. Gut microbe-derived exosomes may enhance autoimmunity by altering intestinal permeability and transporting cargo to the extraintestinal system. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive literature review on the latest progress on exosomes in RA and provided an outlook on the potential role of microbe-derived exosomes as emerging players in clinical and translational research on RA. This review aimed to provide a theoretical basis for developing new clinical targets for RA therapy.
类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，其特征为慢性滑膜炎以及骨骼和关节破坏。外泌体是源自多囊泡体的纳米级脂质膜囊泡，是细胞间通讯的重要手段。外泌体和微生物群落对于类风湿性关节炎的发病机制均至关重要。已证实，来自不同来源的多种类型外泌体通过类风湿性关节炎中不同的机制对各种免疫细胞产生影响，这取决于外泌体所携带的特定货物。人类肠道系统中存在数以万计的微生物。微生物直接或通过其代谢产物对宿主产生各种生理和病理影响。肠道微生物衍生的外泌体正在肝脏疾病领域进行研究；然而，关于它们在类风湿性关节炎背景下的作用的信息仍然有限。肠道微生物衍生的外泌体可能通过改变肠道通透性并将货物运输到肠外系统来增强自身免疫。因此，我们对类风湿性关节炎中外泌体的最新进展进行了全面的文献综述，并展望了微生物衍生的外泌体作为类风湿性关节炎临床和转化研究中新兴参与者的潜在作用。本综述旨在为开发类风湿性关节炎治疗的新临床靶点提供理论依据。
