Noce Annalisa, Marrone Giulia, Di Lauro Manuela, Mitterhofer Anna Paola, Ceravolo Maria Josè, Di Daniele Nicola, Manenti Guglielmo, De Lorenzo Antonino
Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 Apr 12;15(8):2254. doi: 10.3390/cancers15082254.
In recent years, the onco-nephrology field has acquired a relevant role in internal medicine due to the growing number of cases of renal dysfunction that have been observed in cancer patients. This clinical complication can be induced by the tumor itself (for example, due to obstructive phenomena affecting the excretory tract or by neoplastic dissemination) or by chemotherapy, as it is potentially nephrotoxic. Kidney damage can manifest as acute kidney injury or represent a worsening of pre-existing chronic kidney disease. In cancer patients, physicians should try to set preventive strategies to safeguard the renal function, avoiding the concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs, personalizing the dose of chemotherapy according to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and using an appropriate hydration therapy in combination with nephroprotective compounds. To prevent renal dysfunction, a new possible tool useful in the field of onco-nephrology would be the development of a personalized algorithm for the patient based on body composition parameters, gender, nutritional status, GFR and genetic polymorphisms.
近年来，由于在癌症患者中观察到的肾功能障碍病例数量不断增加，肿瘤肾脏病学领域在内科医学中发挥着重要作用。这种临床并发症可由肿瘤本身引起（例如，由于影响排泄道的梗阻现象或肿瘤播散），也可由化疗引起，因为化疗具有潜在的肾毒性。肾损伤可表现为急性肾损伤，或表现为原有慢性肾脏病的恶化。在癌症患者中，医生应尝试制定预防策略以保护肾功能，避免同时使用肾毒性药物，根据肾小球滤过率（GFR）调整化疗剂量，并结合使用肾保护化合物进行适当的水化治疗。为预防肾功能障碍，在肿瘤肾脏病学领域，一种基于身体成分参数、性别、营养状况、GFR和基因多态性为患者开发个性化算法可能是一种新的有用工具。
