Holstege G, van Ham J J, Tan J
Brain Res. 1986 May 28;374(2):306-20. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(86)90425-7.
The motoneurons innervating the orbicularis oculi muscle from a subgroup within the facial nucleus, called the intermediate facial subnucleus. This makes it possible to study afferents to these motoneurons by means of autoradiographical tracing techniques. Many different injections were made in the brainstem and diencephalon and the afferent projections to the intermediate facial subnucleus were studied. The results indicated that these afferents were derived from the following brainstem areas: the dorsal red nucleus and the mesencephalic tegmentum dorsal to it; the olivary pretectal nucleus and/or the nucleus of the optic tract; the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum (parabrachial nuclei and nucleus of Kölliker-Fuse) and principal trigeminal nucleus; the ventrolateral pontine tegmentum at the level of the motor trigeminal nucleus; the caudal medullary medial tegmentum; the lateral tegmentum at the level of the rostral pole of the hypoglossal nucleus and the ventral part of the trigeminal nucleus and the nucleus raphe pallidus and caudal raphe magnus including the adjoining medullary tegmentum. These latter projections probably belong to a general motoneuronal control system. The mesencephalic projections are mainly contralateral, the caudal pontine and upper medullary lateral tegmental projections are mainly ipsilateral and the caudal medullary projections are bilateral. It is suggested that the different afferent pathways subserve different functions of the orbicularis oculi motoneurons. Interneurons in the dorsolateral pontine and lateral medullary tegmentum may serve as relay for cortical and limbic influences on the orbicularis oculi musculature, while interneurons in the ventrolateral pontine and caudal medullary tegmentum may take part in the neuronal organization of the blink reflex.
支配眼轮匝肌的运动神经元来自面神经核内的一个亚群，称为面神经中间亚核。这使得通过放射自显影追踪技术研究这些运动神经元的传入神经成为可能。在脑干和间脑进行了许多不同的注射，并研究了对面神经中间亚核的传入投射。结果表明，这些传入神经来自以下脑干区域：背侧红核及其背侧的中脑被盖；橄榄前顶盖核和/或视束核；脑桥背外侧被盖（臂旁核和 Kölliker-Fuse 核）和三叉神经主核；运动三叉神经核水平的脑桥腹外侧被盖；延髓尾端内侧被盖；舌下神经核嘴侧极水平的外侧被盖以及三叉神经核腹侧部分和中缝苍白核及中缝大核，包括相邻的延髓被盖。这些后一种投射可能属于一个一般的运动神经元控制系统。中脑投射主要是对侧的，脑桥尾端和延髓上部外侧被盖投射主要是同侧的，而延髓尾端投射是双侧的。有人认为，不同的传入通路服务于眼轮匝肌运动神经元的不同功能。脑桥背外侧和延髓外侧被盖中的中间神经元可能作为皮质和边缘系统对眼轮匝肌影响的中继，而脑桥腹外侧和延髓尾端被盖中的中间神经元可能参与眨眼反射的神经元组织。
