2016年哥伦比亚麦德林市中心非正式街头小贩与食物中毒相关的卫生和环境状况

Sanitary and environmental conditions related to food poisoning among informal street vendors in downtown Medellín, Colombia, 2016.

作者信息

Garzón Duque María Osley, Rodríguez Ospina Fabio León, Callejas Luisa María Saldarriaga, Alviar Juan José Amaya, Arango Doris Cardona, Sanchez Maríana Ochoa, Cardona Ángela María Segura, Mejía María Camila Tamayo, Kambourova Iordana Mejía

机构信息

Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CES, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.

Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.

出版信息

Rev Bras Med Trab. 2023 Apr 18;21(1):e2023806. doi: 10.47626/1679-4435-2023-806. eCollection 2023 Jan-Mar.

DOI:10.47626/1679-4435-2023-806

PMID:37197345

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10185398/

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Although studies with informal workers have been conducted in Latin America and the Caribbean, there is still scarce evidence on the prevalence of food poisoning among workers with subsistence jobs on the streets and sidewalks of cities and on the factors that influence its presentation.

OBJECTIVES

To determine sociodemographic, labor, sanitary, and environmental conditions that influence the prevalence of food poisoning in informal workers in downtown Medellín, Colombia.

METHODS

This is a cross-sectional study using a workers' survey as the primary source. A total of 686 workers aged ≥18 years who had been working for ≥ 5 years were surveyed. An assisted survey was initially applied as a pilot test for training purposes and to obtain informed consent.

RESULTS

We identified several associations and explanatory factors of food poisoning using chi-square tests and prevalence ratios, with unadjusted and adjusted 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). A higher prevalence of food poisoning (p < 0.05) was observed in workers with lower frequency of waste collection (PR = 2.09; 95%CI = 1.04-4.19), who left cooked food (PR = 6.40; 95%CI = 2.34-17.8), beverages or chopped fruits uncovered at their workplace (PR = 3.92; 95%CI = 1.40-10.48), with inadequate waste management (PR = 4.84; 95%CI = 2.12-11.06), exposure to polluted water (PR = 3.00; 95%CI = 1.20-7.50) and acceptable water supply (PR = 5.40; 95%CI = 1.60-17.8). The factors that explained higher rates of food poisoning were not having a waste collection service (PR = 5.58; 95%CI = 3.38-13.10), inadequate waste management (PR = 6.61; 95%CI = 1.25-34.84), and having sanitary services next to worker's stall (PR = 14.44; 95%CI = 1.26-165.11).

CONCLUSIONS

The conditions that are associated with and explain the higher prevalence of food poisoning in this working population can be addressed with health promotion and disease prevention interventions.

摘要

引言

尽管在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区对非正规工人进行了研究，但关于城市街道和人行道上从事维持生计工作的工人中食物中毒的患病率以及影响其发病的因素，仍缺乏证据。

目的

确定影响哥伦比亚麦德林市中心非正规工人食物中毒患病率的社会人口统计学、劳动、卫生和环境条件。

方法

这是一项横断面研究，以工人调查作为主要资料来源。共对686名年龄≥18岁且工作≥5年的工人进行了调查。最初进行了一项辅助调查作为培训目的的试点测试并获得知情同意。

结果

我们使用卡方检验和患病率比以及未调整和调整后的95%置信区间（95%CI）确定了食物中毒的若干关联和解释因素。在垃圾收集频率较低的工人中观察到食物中毒患病率较高（p<0.05）（患病率比=2.09；95%CI=1.04 - 4.19），这些工人在工作场所将熟食（患病率比=6.40；95%CI=2.34 - 17.8）、饮料或切碎的水果暴露在外（患病率比=3.92；95%CI=1.40 - 10.48），垃圾管理不当（患病率比=4.84；95%CI=2.12 - 11.06），接触受污染的水（患病率比=3.00；95%CI=1.20 - 7.50）以及可接受的供水（患病率比=5.40；95%CI=1.60 - 17.8）。解释食物中毒发生率较高的因素包括没有垃圾收集服务（患病率比=5.58；95%CI=3.38 - 13.10）、垃圾管理不当（患病率比=6.61；95%CI=1.25 - 34.84）以及在工人摊位旁边有卫生服务（患病率比=14.44；95%CI=1.26 - 165.11）。