Center for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), University Pompeu Fabra, Edificio PRBB, Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Parc Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 17;19(10):6105. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19106105.
Peru has one of the highest informal employment rates in Latin America (73%). Previous studies have shown a higher prevalence of poor self-perceived health (P-SPH) in informal than in formal workers. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of working conditions in the association between informality and SPH in an urban working population in Peru. We conducted a cross-sectional study based on 3098 workers participating in the working conditions survey of Peru 2017. The prevalence of P-SPH and exposure to poor working conditions were calculated separately for formal and informal employment and were stratified by sex. Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between P-SPH and informal employment, with crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) for working conditions. Informal employment affected 76% of women and 66% of men. Informal workers reported higher exposition to poor working conditions than formal workers and reported worse SPH. Informal workers had a higher risk of P-SPH than formal workers: PR 1.38 [95% CI: 1.16-1.64] in women and PR 1.27 [95% CI: 1.08-1.49] in men. Adjustment by working conditions weakened the association in both sexes. In women, this association was only partially explained by worse working conditions; PR 1.23 [95% CI: 1.04-1.46]. Although some of the negative effect of informal employment on workers´ health can be explained by the characteristics of informality per se, such as poverty, a substantial part of this effect can be explained by poor working conditions.
秘鲁的非正规就业比例在拉丁美洲是最高的之一（73%）。先前的研究表明，非正规就业者比正规就业者更普遍存在自我感知健康状况较差（P-SPH）。本研究旨在分析工作条件在秘鲁城市劳动人口中，非正规就业与 SPH 之间关联中的作用。我们进行了一项基于 2017 年秘鲁工作条件调查的 3098 名工人的横断面研究。分别计算了正规和非正规就业中 P-SPH 的患病率和暴露于不良工作条件的情况，并按性别分层。使用泊松回归模型评估 P-SPH 与非正规就业之间的关联，以及工作条件的粗患病率比（PR）和调整后 PR。非正规就业影响了 76%的女性和 66%的男性。非正规工人比正规工人报告了更高的不良工作条件暴露率，并报告了更差的 SPH。非正规工人比正规工人有更高的 P-SPH 风险：女性的 PR 为 1.38[95%CI：1.16-1.64]，男性的 PR 为 1.27[95%CI：1.08-1.49]。在两性中，通过工作条件调整后，这种关联有所减弱。在女性中，这种关联仅部分可以通过较差的工作条件来解释；PR 为 1.23[95%CI：1.04-1.46]。尽管非正规就业对工人健康的一些负面影响可以通过非正规就业本身的特征（如贫困）来解释，但其中相当一部分可以通过较差的工作条件来解释。
