Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, The Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia.
Department of Orthodontics, Paedodontics and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2023 May 18;21(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s12955-023-02127-9.
Dental caries and child oral impact on daily performance (C-OIDP) have been linked in several studies. However, the studies used caries indices, which limit the ability to examine how C-OIDP prevalence varies across various stages of the dental caries process. Furthermore, cross-cultural differences between Zambia and other African countries where the C-OIDP instrument has been widely used necessitate testing its pychometric properties. This study's primary aim was to evaluate the association between dental caries and C-OIDP. Secondarily, the study reports the psychometric properties of the C-OIDP index among Zambian adolescents.
A cross-sectional study was conducted between February and June 2021 among grade 8-9 adolescents in Copperbelt province, Zambia. A multistage cluster sampling method was used to select participants. Using a pretested self-administered questionnaire, socio-demographics, oral health behaviors, self-reported oral health, and C-OIDP were evaluated. The test-retest and internal consistency reliability of the C-OIDP were evaluated. The Caries Assessment and Treatment Spectrum (CAST) was used to evaluate dental caries. Adjusted odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the association between dental caries and C-OIDP after adjusting for confounders identified by a directed acyclic graph.
Among 1,794 participants, 54.0% were females, while 56.0% were aged 11-14 years. About a quarter (24.6%) had one or more teeth at the pre-morbidity stage, 15.2% at the morbidity, 6.4% at the severe morbidity and 2.7 at the mortality stage. The internal consistency reliability of the C-OIDP Cohen's Kappa was 0.940, while the Kappa coefficients of the C-OIDP items ranged from 0.960 to 1.00. Participants with severe caries had a high prevalence of C-OIDP, with rates for morbidity, severe morbidity, and mortality stages being 49.3%, 65.3%, and 49.3%, respectively. Oral impacts were 2.6 times (AOR 2.6, 95% CI 2.1-3.4) more likely to be reported by participants with dental caries than those without caries.
Dental caries was associated with high reporting of C-OIDP, and C-OIDP prevalence was high among participants in the severe stages of the caries process. The English version of the C-OIDP demonstrated adequate psychometric characteristics for assessing OHRQoL among Zambian adolescents.
多项研究表明，龋齿和儿童口腔对日常功能的影响（C-OIDP）之间存在关联。然而，这些研究使用了龋齿指数，这限制了评估 C-OIDP 患病率在龋齿过程的不同阶段的变化情况。此外，赞比亚与其他广泛使用 C-OIDP 工具的非洲国家之间存在文化差异，因此需要测试其心理计量特性。本研究的主要目的是评估龋齿与 C-OIDP 之间的关联。其次，该研究报告了赞比亚青少年中 C-OIDP 指数的心理计量特性。
2021 年 2 月至 6 月期间，在赞比亚铜带省的 8-9 年级青少年中进行了一项横断面研究。使用多阶段聚类抽样方法选择参与者。使用经过预测试的自我管理问卷，评估社会人口统计学、口腔健康行为、自我报告的口腔健康和 C-OIDP。评估了 C-OIDP 的重测信度和内部一致性。使用龋齿评估和治疗范围（CAST）来评估龋齿。调整后的比值比和 95%置信区间用于在通过有向无环图确定的混杂因素后评估龋齿与 C-OIDP 之间的关联。
在 1794 名参与者中，54.0%为女性，56.0%年龄在 11-14 岁之间。约四分之一（24.6%）的人处于疾病前阶段、15.2%处于发病阶段、6.4%处于严重发病阶段和 2.7%处于死亡阶段。C-OIDP 的内部一致性 Cohen's Kappa 为 0.940，而 C-OIDP 项目的 Kappa 系数范围为 0.960 至 1.00。患有严重龋齿的参与者 C-OIDP 患病率较高，发病、严重发病和死亡阶段的患病率分别为 49.3%、65.3%和 49.3%。患有龋齿的参与者报告口腔影响的可能性是没有龋齿的参与者的 2.6 倍（AOR 2.6，95%CI 2.1-3.4）。
龋齿与 C-OIDP 的高报告率相关，并且在龋齿过程的严重阶段参与者中 C-OIDP 的患病率较高。C-OIDP 的英文版本在评估赞比亚青少年的口腔健康相关生活质量方面具有足够的心理计量特性。
