Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Pakistan.
Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
J Food Sci. 2023 Jun;88(6):2425-2438. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.16597. Epub 2023 May 18.
Pinus roxburghii is a rich source of high-quality oleoresin that is composed of resin acids and essential oil (EO). The present research work was planned to study and compare the yield, biological activities, and chemical profiling of P. roxburghii oleoresin EOs extracted through various green extraction methods. Steam distillation (SD), supercritical fluid extraction, and superheated SD (SHSD) at different temperatures (120, 140, and 160°C) were employed to extract EOs from P. roxburghii oleoresin. Antioxidant potential of EOs was determined by total antioxidant content/ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging activity (DPPH-FRSA), hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays, and percentage inhibition in linoleic acid. Antimicrobial activity of EOs was determined by resazurin microtiter-plate, disc diffusion, and micro-dilution broth susceptibility assays. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the chemical composition of EOs. It was observed that extraction methods significantly affected the yield, biological activities, and chemical composition of EOs. The maximum yield (19.92%) was found in EO extracted by SHSD at 160°C. EO extracted by SHSD at 120°C showed the highest DPPH-FRSA (63.33% ± 0.47%), linoleic acid oxidation inhibition (96.55% ± 1.71%), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (59.42% ± 0.32%), and total antioxidant contents/FRAP (134.49% ± 1.34 mg/L of gallic acid equivalent). The antimicrobial activity results showed that superheated steam-extracted EO of 120°C revealed the highest antifungal and antibacterial activity. It is concluded that SHSD is an alternative and effective technique for the extraction of oleoresins EO that improves the EO yield and biological activities. Further research on optimization and experimental parameters for the extraction of P. roxburghii oleoresin EO by SHSD is required.
罗汉松是一种高质量的树脂的丰富来源，该树脂由树脂酸和精油（EO）组成。本研究旨在研究和比较通过各种绿色提取方法从罗汉松树脂中提取的树脂油的产率、生物活性和化学特征。采用水蒸气蒸馏（SD）、超临界流体萃取（SFE）和不同温度（120、140 和 160°C）的过热 SD（SHSD）从罗汉松树脂油中提取 EO。通过总抗氧化含量/铁还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）、2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）自由基清除活性（DPPH-FRSA）、过氧化氢清除测定法和亚油酸抑制率来测定 EO 的抗氧化潜力。通过 Resazurin 微量板、圆盘扩散和微量稀释肉汤药敏试验测定 EO 的抗菌活性。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）测定 EO 的化学成分。结果表明，提取方法显著影响 EO 的产率、生物活性和化学成分。通过 SHSD 在 160°C 提取的 EO 产率最高（19.92%）。SHSD 在 120°C 提取的 EO 表现出最高的 DPPH-FRSA（63.33%±0.47%）、亚油酸氧化抑制率（96.55%±1.71%）、过氧化氢清除活性（59.42%±0.32%）和总抗氧化含量/FRAP（134.49%±1.34mg/L 没食子酸当量）。抗菌活性结果表明，120°C 过热蒸汽提取的 EO 具有最高的抗真菌和抗菌活性。因此，SHSD 是提取树脂油的替代和有效技术，可以提高 EO 的产率和生物活性。需要进一步研究通过 SHSD 提取罗汉松树脂油的优化和实验参数。
