Patel Khageshwar Singh, Pandey Piyush Kant, Martín-Ramos Pablo, Corns Warren T, Varol Simge, Bhattacharya Prosun, Zhu Yanbei
Department of Applied Sciences, Amity University Manth (Kharora), State Highway 9 Raipur-493225 CG India
Amity University Manth (Kharora), State Highway 9 Raipur-493225 CG India
RSC Adv. 2023 May 16;13(22):14914-14929. doi: 10.1039/d3ra02018e. eCollection 2023 May 15.
Arsenic is a widespread serious environmental pollutant as a food chain contaminant and non-threshold carcinogen. Arsenic transfer through the crops-soil-water system and animals is one of the most important pathways of human exposure and a measure of phytoremediation. Exposure occurs primarily from the consumption of contaminated water and foods. Various chemical technologies are utilized for As removal from contaminated water and soil, but they are very costly and difficult for large-scale cleaning of water and soil. In contrast, phytoremediation utilizes green plants to remove As from a contaminated environment. A large number of terrestrial and aquatic weed flora have been identified so far for their hyper metal removal capacity. In the panorama presented herein, the latest state of the art on methods of bioaccumulation, transfer mechanism of As through plants and animals, and remediation that encompass the use of physicochemical and biological processes, , microbes, mosses, lichens, ferns, algae, and macrophytes have been assessed. Since these bioremediation approaches for the clean-up of this contaminant are still at the initial experimental stages, some have not been recognized at full scale. Nonetheless, extensive research on these primitive plants as bio-accumulators can be instrumental in controlling arsenic exposure and rehabilitation and may result in major progress to solve the problem on a worldwide scale.
砷作为一种食物链污染物和无阈值致癌物，是一种广泛存在的严重环境污染物。砷通过作物-土壤-水系统和动物的转移是人类接触砷的最重要途径之一，也是植物修复的一项指标。接触砷主要源于饮用受污染的水和食用受污染的食物。人们利用各种化学技术从受污染的水和土壤中去除砷，但这些技术成本高昂，且难以大规模用于水和土壤的净化。相比之下，植物修复利用绿色植物从受污染环境中去除砷。迄今为止，人们已经发现大量陆生和水生杂草植物具有超量去除金属的能力。在本文所呈现的全景中，对生物累积方法、砷在植物和动物体内的转移机制以及涵盖物理化学和生物过程、微生物、苔藓、地衣、蕨类植物、藻类和大型植物的修复方法的最新技术水平进行了评估。由于这些用于清理这种污染物的生物修复方法仍处于初步实验阶段，有些方法尚未得到全面认可。尽管如此，对这些作为生物累积器的原始植物展开广泛研究，有助于控制砷暴露和进行修复，并可能在全球范围内解决该问题方面取得重大进展。
