Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Health Promot Int. 2023 Jun 1;38(3). doi: 10.1093/heapro/daad047.
Tobacco smoking uptake is still a major public health concern, especially among youngsters living in vulnerable situations. Finding optimal ways to engage youngsters in smoking prevention is important. Compared to traditional settings such as schools, social work settings providing sports-based and recreational activities (SR-settings) tend to reach and engage youngsters more. This study aimed to gain insight into the reasons for smoking uptake among youngsters living in vulnerable situations and the conditions through which SR-settings are potentially beneficial for smoking prevention initiatives. Data were collected in two SR-settings in Flanders, Belgium, by means of five focus group discussions and six individual interviews with youngsters (n = 38, mean age = 12.9 ± 2.61 years, 69.7% boys) and eight individual interviews with youth workers (n = 8, mean age = 27.5 ± 7.95 years, 87.5% men). A thematic analysis (TA) approach was applied to analyse the data. Besides individual factors, such as attitudes towards smoking, the desire to be part of a group and conformity to group norms seem to be important drivers of smoking uptake among youngsters in vulnerable situations. The presence of powerful role models in SR-settings with whom youngsters identify may counteract group norms by encouraging healthy behaviour. SR-settings seem suitable for questioning perceptions of vulnerable youngsters, unlike other settings where they may struggle to be heard. The conditional characteristics of SR-settings, such as authentic group processes, having meaningful roles, and being heard, make these contexts promising venues for smoking prevention efforts among vulnerable youngsters. Youth workers who have established trusting relationships with youngsters seem well-suited to communicate smoking prevention messages. A participatory approach, in which youngsters are involved in developing smoking prevention programs, is desirable.
青少年吸烟问题仍然是一个主要的公共卫生关注点，尤其是那些生活在脆弱环境中的青少年。寻找最佳方法让青少年参与预防吸烟至关重要。与学校等传统环境相比，提供基于体育和娱乐活动的社会工作环境（SR 环境）往往更容易接触到并吸引青少年。本研究旨在深入了解生活在脆弱环境中的青少年吸烟的原因，以及 SR 环境对预防吸烟计划可能有益的条件。通过在比利时佛兰德斯的两个 SR 环境中进行五次焦点小组讨论和六次青少年个人访谈（n=38，平均年龄 12.9±2.61 岁，69.7%为男性）以及八次青年工作者个人访谈（n=8，平均年龄 27.5±7.95 岁，87.5%为男性），收集了数据。采用主题分析（TA）方法对数据进行分析。除了个人因素，如对吸烟的态度、融入群体的愿望和对群体规范的遵从，似乎也是脆弱环境中青少年吸烟的重要驱动因素。在 SR 环境中，存在与青少年有认同感的强大榜样，他们可能会鼓励健康行为，从而抵制群体规范。SR 环境似乎适合质疑脆弱青少年的观念，而其他环境可能难以让他们发出声音。SR 环境的条件特征，如真实的群体过程、有意义的角色和被倾听，使这些环境成为脆弱青少年预防吸烟的有希望的场所。与青少年建立了信任关系的青年工作者似乎非常适合传达预防吸烟的信息。需要采用一种参与式的方法，让青少年参与制定预防吸烟计划。
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